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Cooperative dynamics in the penetration of a group of intruders in a granular medium

机译:一组入侵者在颗粒介质中渗透的合作动力学

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摘要

An object moving in a fluid experiences a drag force that depends on its velocity, shape and the properties of the medium. From this simplest case to the motion of a flock of birds or a school of fish, the drag forces and the hydrodynamic interactions determine the full dynamics of the system. Similar drag forces appear when a single projectile impacts and moves through a granular medium, and this case is well studied in the literature. On the other hand, the case in which a group of intruders impact a granular material has never been considered. Here, we study the simultaneous penetration of several intruders in a very low-density granular medium. We find that the intruders move through it in a collective way, following a cooperative dynamics, whose complexity resembles flocking phenomena in living systems or the movement of reptiles in sand, wherein changes in drag are exploited to efficiently move or propel.
机译:在流体中运动的物体会受到阻力,该阻力取决于其速度,形状和介质的特性。从最简单的情况到鸟群或鱼群的运动,阻力和流体动力相互作用决定了系统的全部动力。当单个弹丸撞击并移动穿过颗粒介质时,会出现类似的阻力,这种情况在文献中已得到很好的研究。另一方面,从未考虑过一组入侵者撞击粒状材料的情况。在这里,我们研究了几种入侵者在非常低密度的颗粒介质中的同时渗透。我们发现入侵者遵循协作动力学以集体方式在其中移动,其复杂性类似于生物系统中的植绒现象或爬行动物在沙子中的运动,其中利用阻力变化来有效地运动或推进。

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