>Background: Pathological mechanisms of how childhood obesity leads to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not fully characterized. Oxidative-stress–related enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase (XO), have been linked to obesity, endothelial dysfunction, and CVD in adults, but little is known about this pathway in children. The aim of this study was to determine whether differential XO activity is associated with endothelial dysfunction, CVD risk factors, or cytokine levels.>Methods: Fasting plasma samples were obtained from obese (BMI ≥95th percentile; n=20) and age- and gender-matched healthy weight (BMI >5th and <85th percentile; n=22) children and adolescents (mean age, 12±3 years) to quantify XO activity. In addition, fasting cholesterol, insulin, glucose, blood pressure, endothelial function, and cytokine levels were assessed.>Results: We observed a 3.8-fold increase in plasma XO activity in obese, compared to healthy weight, children (118±21 vs. 31±9 nU/mg of protein; p<0.001). Plasma XO activity was correlated with BMI z-score (r=0.41), waist circumference (r=0.41), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=−0.32), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (r=0.57), adiponectin (r=−0.53), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (r=−0.59).>Conclusion: XO activity is highly elevated in obese children and correlates with CVD risk factors, suggesting that XO may play a role in increasing cardiovascular risk early in life in the context of obesity.
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机译：>背景：儿童肥胖如何导致心血管疾病（CVD）风险增加的病理机制尚未完全阐明。与氧化应激有关的酶，如黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO），已与成年人的肥胖，内皮功能障碍和CVD相关，但对于儿童的这种途径知之甚少。这项研究的目的是确定差异的XO活性是否与内皮功能障碍，CVD危险因素或细胞因子水平有关。>方法：空腹血浆样本来自肥胖（BMI≥95％； n = 20）以及年龄和性别匹配的健康体重（BMI> 5和<85％； n = 22）儿童和青少年（平均年龄，12±3岁）以量化XO活性。此外，还评估了空腹胆固醇，胰岛素，葡萄糖，血压，内皮功能和细胞因子水平。>结果：与健康体重相比，肥胖患者血浆XO活性增加了3.8倍，儿童（118±21 vs. 31±9 nU / mg蛋白质； p <0.001）。血浆XO活性与BMI z评分（r = 0.41），腰围（r = 0.41），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（r = -0.32），氧化型低密度脂蛋白（r = 0.57），脂联素（r = −0.53）和单核细胞趋化蛋白1（r = −0.59）。>结论：肥胖儿童的XO活性高度升高，并与CVD危险因素相关，这表明XO可能在肥胖儿童中发挥作用在肥胖的早期阶段增加心血管疾病的风险。
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