Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring in a porcine model using the inspired sinewave technique: a proof-of-concept study

摘要

BackgroundCardiac output (Q˙) monitoring can support the management of high-risk surgical patients, but the pulmonary artery catheterisation required by the current ‘gold standard’—bolus thermodilution (Q˙T)—has the potential to cause life-threatening complications. We present a novel noninvasive and fully automated method that uses the inspired sinewave technique to continuously monitor cardiac output (Q˙IST).