Three-dimensional surgical simulation of the bile duct and vascular arrangement in pancreatoduodenectomy: A retrospective cohort study

摘要

Background/aimsWe evaluated the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) images for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), including the classification of the bile duct and vascular arrangement, i.e., hepatic artery, inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) and left gastric vein (LGV). We evaluated the extent to which this simulation affected the perioperative outcomes of PD.