Effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy and childhood on child and adolescent sleep outcomes to 21 years: a birth cohort study

摘要

BackgroundThe effects of prenatal maternal smoking have been studied extensively, however little research has examined the effects of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking on offspring sleep, particularly over several developmental periods. We examined the effects of prenatal maternal smoking and postnatal smoking from birth to 14 years, on offspring sleep at 6 months, 5, 14 and 21 years.