Gender-specific substance use patterns and associations with individual family peer and school factors in 15-year-old Portuguese adolescents: a latent class regression analysis

摘要

BackgroundAdolescence is a critical period of vulnerability to substance use. Recent research has shown that gender differences in adolescence substance use are complex and in constant flux. The present study aims to investigate gender differences in substance use and initiation patterns in male and female adolescents, and to assess individual, family, peer, and school associated factors of these patterns.