Recurrent or persistent infection after two-stage exchange arthroplasty for previously infected total knee replacement is a challenging clinical situation. We asked whether a second two-stage procedure could eradicate the infection and preserve knee function. We evaluated 18 selected patients with failed two-stage total knee arthroplasty implantation treated with a second two-stage reimplantation between 1999 and 2005. Failure of treatment was defined as recurrence or persistence of infection. The minimum followup was 24 months (mean, 40 months; range, 24–83 months). Recurrent or persistent infection was diagnosed in four of 18 patients, two of whom were successfully treated with a third two-stage exchange arthroplasty. Knee Society score questionnaires administered at the last followup showed an average Knee Society knee score of 73 points (range, 24–100 points) and an average functional score of 49 points (range, 20–90 points). The data suggest repeat two-stage exchange arthroplasty is a reasonable option for eradicating periprosthetic infection, relieving pain, and achieving a satisfactory level of function for some patients.>Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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