Chemical Dynamics Special Feature: Exploring nuclear motion through conical intersections in the UV photodissociation of phenols and thiophenol

摘要

High-resolution time-of-flight measurements of H atom products from photolysis of phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-fluorophenol, and thiophenol, at many UV wavelengths (λphot), have allowed systematic study of the influence of ring substituents and the heteroatom on the fragmentation dynamics. All dissociate by XH (X = O, S) bond fission after excitation at their respective S1(¹ππ*)–S0 origins and at all shorter wavelengths. The achieved kinetic energy resolution reveals population of selected vibrational levels of the various phenoxyl and thiophenoxyl coproducts, providing uniquely detailed insights into the fragmentation dynamics. Dissociation in all cases is deduced to involve nuclear motion on the ¹πσ* potential energy surface (PES). The route to accessing this PES, and the subsequent dynamics, is seen to be very sensitive to λphot and substitution of the heteroatom. In the case of the phenols, dissociation after excitation at long λphot is rationalized in terms of radiationless transfer from S1 to S0 levels carrying sufficient OH stretch vibrational energy to allow coupling via the conical intersection between the S0 and ¹πσ* PESs at longer OH bond lengths. In contrast, H + C6H5O(X²B1) products formed after excitation at short λphot exhibit anisotropic recoil-velocity distributions, consistent with prompt dissociation induced by coupling between the photoprepared ¹ππ* excited state and the ¹πσ* PES. The fragmentation dynamics of thiophenol at all λphot matches the latter behavior more closely, reflecting the different relative dispositions of the ¹ππ* and ¹πσ* PESs. Additional insights are provided by the observed branching into the ground (X²B1) and first excited (²B2) states of the resulting C6H₅S radicals.