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Hypothetical Explanations of the Negative Apparent Effects of Cloud Seeding in the Whitetop Experiment

机译:白顶实验中云播种的负表观效应的假说

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摘要

In order to explain the apparent losses of rain ascribable to seeding at the Whitetop trial, particularly large and highly significant in the stratum E (but not in the opposite stratum W) of experimental days, it has been hypothesized that seeding causes widespread cloudiness and subsequent lowering of ground temperatures. This hypothesis is flatly contradicted by the observations: the seeded E-days (but not W-days) were uniformly less cloudy and hotter than those without seeding. Curiously, these differences prevailed not only from the scheduled time of seeding but also for several hours beforehand. The average rainfall for the 10 hr that preceded the time of seeding was investigated in eight “cells”, defined by the day's wind direction to be downwind, upwind, and to the sides and “far” and “near” the center of seeding. Highly significant decreases were found in the far-upwind and far-left cells, indicating an earlymorning disparity between those E-days that later were declared as experimental to be seeded and those E-days that were declared as experimental not to be seeded. This disparity, difficult to explain by chance variation, suggests that particular caution be used in treating differences in the rainfall between seeded and not-seeded days in the Whitetop trial as having been caused by seeding.
机译:为了解释在Whitetop试验中由于播种造成的降雨的明显损失,特别是在实验日的E层(但在相反的W层中)却很大且高度显着,我们假设播种会引起广泛的混浊并随后降低地面温度。该假设与观察结果完全矛盾:播种的E天(而不是W天)比没有播种的E天(多云)均匀少热。奇怪的是,这些差异不仅发生在播种的预定时间,而且还提前了几个小时。在八个“单元”中调查了播种开始前10个小时的平均降雨量,这些单元由当天的风向定义为顺风,逆风,侧向以及“远”和“近”播种中心。在上风向和最左端的单元格中发现高度显着的下降,这表明后来被宣布为实验播种的那些电子日与被宣布为实验未播种的那些电子日之间的早期差异。这种差异很难通过偶然的变化来解释,这表明在怀特托普试验中,由于播种造成的播种日与非播种日之间的降雨差异应特别谨慎。

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