An Evidence-Based Opioid-Free Anesthetic Technique to Manage Perioperative and Periprocedural Pain

摘要

Background:The epidemic of opioid abuse is increasing, and the number of deaths secondary to opioid overdose is also increasing. Recent attention has focused on opioid prescribing and management of chronic pain. However, opioid use in perioperative and periprocedural patients, whether they have chronic pain or exhibit new persistent opioid abuse after a procedure, has received little attention.