Long-term complications following bladder augmentations in patients with spina bifida: bladder calculi perforation of the augmented bladder and upper tract deterioration

摘要

BackgroundWe desire to review our experience with bladder augmentation in spina bifida patients followed in a transitional and adult urologic practice. This paper will specifically focus on three major complications: bladder calculi, the most frequent complication found following bladder augmentation, perforation of the augmentation, its most lethal complication and finally we will address loss of renal function as a direct result of our surgical reconstructive procedures.