Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 exhibit distinct regulation of cancer cell stemness mediated by cell death-induced high-mobility group box 1

摘要

BackgroundHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a common extracellular damage associated molecular pattern molecule, is overexpressed in several solid tumors including pancreatic carcinoma. We previously observed that radiotherapy induced dying cells secrete HMGB1 and accelerate pancreatic carcinoma progression through an unclear mechanism.