Background: It is difficult to discern the proportion of blood lead (PbB) attributable to ambient air lead (PbA), given the multitude of lead (Pb) sources and pathways of exposure. The PbB–PbA relationship has previously been evaluated across populations. This relationship was a central consideration in the 2008 review of the Pb national ambient air quality standards.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between PbB and PbA concentrations among children nationwide for recent years and to compare the relationship with those obtained from other studies in the literature.Methods: We merged participant-level data for PbB from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and NHANES 9908 (1999–2008) with PbA data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We applied mixed-effects models, and we computed slope factor, d[PbB]/d[PbA] or the change in PbB per unit change in PbA, from the model results to assess the relationship between PbB and PbA.Results: Comparing the NHANES regression results with those from the literature shows that slope factor increased with decreasing PbA among children 0–11 years of age.Conclusion: These findings suggest that a larger relative public health benefit may be derived among children from decreases in PbA at low PbA exposures. Simultaneous declines in Pb from other sources, changes in PbA sampling uncertainties over time largely related to changes in the size distribution of Pb-bearing particulate matter, and limitations regarding sampling size and exposure error may contribute to the variability in slope factor observed across peer-reviewed studies.Citation: Richmond-Bryant J, Meng Q, Davis A, Cohen J, Lu SE, Svendsgaard D, Brown JS, Tuttle L, Hubbard H, Rice J, Kirrane E, Vinikoor-Imler LC, Kotchmar D, Hines EP, Ross M. 2014. The Influence of declining air lead levels on blood lead–air lead slope factors in children. Environ Health Perspect 122:754–760;
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机译：背景：鉴于多种铅（Pb）来源和暴露途径，很难分辨出归因于环境空气铅（PbA）的血铅（PbB）的比例。 PbB–PbA关系以前已在各个人群之间进行过评估。该关系是2008年对Pb国家环境空气质量标准进行审查时的主要考虑因素。目的：本研究的目的是评估近年来全国儿童中PbB和PbA浓度之间的关系，并将其与获得的关系进行比较。方法：我们将来自美国国家卫生和营养检查调查（NHANES）III（1988–1994）和NHANES 9908（1999–2008）的PbB参与者水平数据与来自美国环境保护局的PbA数据合并机构。我们应用了混合效应模型，并根据模型结果计算了斜率因子d [PbB] / d [PbA]或每单位PbA变化的PbB变化，以评估PbB与PbA之间的关系。 NHANES回归结果与文献中的结果表明，坡度因子在0-11岁的儿童中随着PbA的降低而增加。结论：这些发现表明，低PbA暴露下PbA的降低可能对儿童产生更大的相对公共健康益处。 。其他来源的铅同时下降，随时间推移的铅采样不确定性的变化主要与含铅颗粒物尺寸分布的变化有关，以及采样尺寸和暴露误差的限制可能会导致同行中观察到的斜率因子的变化引文：里士满-布赖恩特J，孟Q，戴维斯A，科恩J，卢SE，Svendsgaard D，布朗JS，塔特尔L，哈伯德H，赖斯J，基拉内E，Vinikoor-Imler LC，科奇马D，Hines EP ，Ross M.2014。空气中铅含量下降对儿童血铅-空气铅斜率因素的影响。环境健康展望122：754–760;
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