Grape pomace, a by-product derived from winery industries, was used as fermentation media for the production of added-value products through the cultivation of two Pleurotus species. Solid-state (SSF), semiliquid (SLF), and submerged (SmF) fermentations were carried out using grape pomace as substrate. The effect of the different fermentations on the consumption of phenolic compounds, the production of mycelial mass and enzymes was evaluated using P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. The production of fungal biomass and enzymes was influenced by the fermentation mode. The maximum biomass values of ~0.5 g/g were obtained for both P. pulmonarius and P. ostreatus in SmF. Laccase production was induced in SSF and a maximum activity of 26.247 U/g was determined for P. ostreatus, whereas the highest endoglucanase activity (0.93 U/g) was obtained in the SmF of the same fungi. Analysis of phenolic compounds showed that both strains were able to degrade up to 79% of total phenolic content, regardless the culture conditions. Grape pomace was also evaluated as substrate for mushroom production. P. pulmonarius recorded the highest yield and biological efficiency of 14.4% and 31.4%, respectively. This study showed that mushroom cultivation could upgrade winery by-products towards the production of valuable food products.
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机译：葡萄渣是酿酒厂工业的副产品，被用作发酵培养基，通过种植两个侧耳属菌种来生产增值产品。使用葡萄渣作为底物进行固态（SSF），半液体（SLF）和浸入式（SmF）发酵。使用P. ostreatus和P. pulmonarius评估了不同发酵对酚类化合物消耗，菌丝体质量和酶产生的影响。发酵模式影响了真菌生物量和酶的产生。在SmF中，肺炎假单胞菌和平纹假单胞菌的最大生物量值为〜0.5 g / g。在SSF中诱导产生漆酶，确定平菇的最大活性为26.247 U / g，而在同一真菌的SmF中获得最高的内切葡聚糖酶活性（0.93 U / g）。酚类化合物的分析表明，无论培养条件如何，两种菌株都能降解高达总酚类含量的79％。还评估了葡萄渣作为蘑菇生产的底物。肺假单胞菌的最高产量和生物效率分别为14.4％和31.4％。这项研究表明，蘑菇种植可以使酿酒厂的副产品升级为有价值的食品产品。
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