Effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrients homeostasis and muscle wasting of critical care patients: study protocol and a review of previous studies

摘要

Dysbiosis and muscle wasting in critical illness. Abbreviations: EN, enteral nutrition; IL6, interleukin 6; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha