机译
通过动物气道反射进行复苏和自动复苏
摘要：Various diseases often result in decompensation requiring resuscitation. In infants moderate hypoxia evokes a compensatory augmented breath – sigh and more severe hypoxia results in a solitary gasp. Progressive asphyxia provokes gasping respiration saving the healthy infant – autoresuscitation by gasping. A neonate with sudden infant death syndrome, however, usually will not survive. Our systematic research in animals indicated that airway reflexes have similar resuscitation potential as gasping respiration. Nasopharyngeal stimulation in cats and most mammals evokes the aspiration reflex, characterized by spasmodic inspiration followed by passive expiration. On the contrary, expiration reflex from the larynx, or cough reflex from the pharynx and lower airways manifest by a forced expiration, which in cough is preceded by deep inspiration. These reflexes of distinct character activate the brainstem rhythm generators for inspiration and expiration strongly, but differently. They secondarily modulate the control mechanisms of various vital functions of the organism. During severe asphyxia the progressive respiratory insufficiency may induce a life-threatening cardio-respiratory failure. The sniff- and gasp-like aspiration reflex and similar spasmodic inspirations, accompanied by strongsympatho-adrenergic activation, can interrupt a severe asphyxia and reverse thedeveloping dangerous cardiovascular and vasomotor dysfunctions, threatening withimminent loss of consciousness and death. During progressive asphyxia thereversal of gradually developing bradycardia and excessive hypotension by airwayreflexes starts with reflex tachycardia and vasoconstriction, resulting inprompt hypertensive reaction, followed by renewal of cortical activity andgradual normalization of breathing. A combination of the aspiration reflexsupporting venous return and the expiration or cough reflex increasing thecerebral perfusion by strong expirations, provides a powerful resuscitation andautoresuscitation potential, proved in animal experiments. They represent asimple but unique model tested in animal experiments.
