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  • 1.

    【2hr】miR-145 Contributes to the Progression of Cervical Carcinoma by DirectlyRegulating FSCN1

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    机译 miR-145通过直接促进宫颈癌的发展调节FSCN1
    摘要：The purpose of our study was to investigate the underlying mechanism and functional role of microRNA-145 (miR-145) in cervical cancer. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect miR-145 and FSCN1 expression levels in tissues and HeLa cells. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein level of FSCN1. The luciferase assay was used to verify the direct target of miR-145. The CCK-8 assay and 2D colony formation assays were performed to determine the effects of miR-145 mimics or FSCN1 silencing on cell proliferation. miR-145 expression levels were significantly down-regulated, while FSCN1 expression levels were significantly up-regulated in the cervical carcinoma tissues compared with their matched non-cancerous tissues. In addition, FSCN1 expression levels were negatively correlated to miR-145 in tissues. Next, FSCN1 was verified as the direct target of miR-145 in HeLa cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-145 dramatically inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells. The silencing of FSCN1 exhibited the similar patterns on cell proliferation as miR-145 overexpression. The miR-145/ FSCN1 axis contributes to the progression of cervical cancer by inhibition of cervical cancer cell proliferation.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Intravenous Grafts of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells ReduceBehavioral Deficits in Experimental Ischemic Stroke

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    机译 人羊水来源的干细胞静脉移植减少实验性缺血性中风的行为缺陷
    摘要：Amniotic fluid has been investigated as new cell source for stem cells in the development of future cell-based transplantation. This study reports isolation of viable human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, labeled with multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles, and its effect on focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in Wistar rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion of 60 min followed by reperfusion for 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h was employed in the present study to produce ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in rats. Tests were employed to assess the functional outcome of the sensorimotor center activity in the brain, through a set of modified neurological severity scores used to assess motor and exploratory capacity 24 h, 14, and 28 days after receiving cellular therapy via tail vein. In our animal model of stroke, transplanted cells migrated to the ischemic focus, infarct volume decreased, and motor deficits improved. Therefore, we concluded that these cells appear to have beneficial effects on the ischemic brain, possibly based on their ability to enhance endogenous repair mechanisms.
  • 3.

    【2hr】CD200Fc Improves Neurological Function by Protecting the Blood–brain Barrierafter Intracerebral Hemorrhage

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    机译 CD200Fc通过保护血脑屏障改善神经功能脑出血后
    摘要：CD200 is widely distributed in the central nervous system and plays an essential role in the immune response in neurological diseases. However, little is currently known about the effects of CD200 signaling on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, the role of CD200 during ICH in an autologous blood induced mouse ICH model was investigated. Following ICH, critical protein expression, BBB permeability, and neurological function were measured with or without CD200Fc administration. Our results showed that both the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 decreased after ICH and administration of CD200Fc attenuated BBB leakage and improved neurological functions. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that CD200Fc might be a potential treatment option for ICH by protecting the BBB and improving functional outcomes.
  • 4.

    【2hr】A Hallmark Clinical Study of Cord Blood Therapy in Adults with IschemicStroke

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    机译 成人缺血性脐带血治疗的标志性临床研究中风
    摘要：The therapeutic application of human umbilical cord blood cells has been an area of great interest for at least the last 25 years. Currently, cord blood cells are approved for reconstitution of the bone marrow following myeloablation in both young and old patients with myeloid malignancies and other blood cancers. Translational studies investigating alternative uses of cord blood have also shown that these cells not only stimulate neurogenesis in the aged brain but are also potentially therapeutic in the treatment of adult neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson’s disease. Recent advances in the clinical application of cord blood cells by Dr. Joanne Kurtzberg and colleagues have found that non-HLA matched allogeneic banked cord blood units in immunocompetent patients with ischemic stroke are safe and well tolerated. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action that provide the beneficial effects observed from a cord blood cell-based therapy are currently unknown, several studies using models of neurodegenerative disease have shown these cells are immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory. Thus, any future clinical studies investigating the efficacy of this cord blood cell therapeutic would strongly benefit from the inclusion of methodologies to determine changes in both markers of inflammation and the response of immune tissues, such as the spleen, in subjectsreceiving cell infusion.
  • 5.

    【2hr】A Case Series on Natural Conceptions Resulting in Ongoing Pregnancies inMenopausal and Prematurely Menopausal Women Following Platelet-Rich PlasmaTreatment

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    机译 导致怀孕持续进行的自然观念案例系列富血小板血浆后的更年期和早产妇女治疗
    摘要：Since the introduction of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in medical practice, various studies have documented that implementing PRP can enhance healing and the anti-aging process, employing angiogenesis regeneration due to the multiple growth factors and cytokines involved. Numerous reports have shown promising results with the use of PRP in ovarian treatment, regarding ovarian regeneration and reactivation of folliculogenesis. This case series reports on two women with premature ovarian failure (POF) aged 40 and 27 years, respectively, and one menopausal woman aged 46 years. All patients presented with lack of menstrual cycle for over a year. The women reported previous failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts, and, after rejecting the option of oocyte donation, they opted for the approach of autologous ovarian PRP treatment. Following PRP treatment, the three patients were invited to conceive naturally. The primary outcome was the restoration of menstruation following autologous ovarian PRP treatment, as well as an improvement in hormonal profile, a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and a concurrent increase in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. Further to that, our patients achieved pregnancy through natural conception within 2–6 months following PRP treatment, resulting in currently ongoing complication-free clinical pregnancies – a first report in the literature for menopausal and POF patients. Implementation of PRP should be furtherinvestigated through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), as it may hold the key tosuccessful treatment for a certain cohort of patients exploring reproductive treatmentoptions following menopause.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Sodium/Hydrogen Exchanger 1 Participates in Early Brain Injury afterSubarachnoid Hemorrhage both in vivo and in vitro viaPromoting Neuronal Apoptosis

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    机译 钠/氢交换剂1参与早期脑损伤通过体内和体外蛛网膜下腔出血促进神经元凋亡
    摘要：Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) plays an essential role in maintaining intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological conditions, and it is also associated with neuronal death and intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ overload induced by cerebral ischemia. However, its roles and underlying mechanisms in early brain injury (EBI) induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been fully explored. In this research, a SAH model in adult male rat was established through injecting autologous arterial blood into prechiasmatic cistern. Meanwhile, primary cultured cortical neurons of rat treated with 5 μM oxygen hemoglobin (OxyHb) for 24 h were applied to mimic SAH in vitro. We find that the protein levels of NHE1 are significantly increased in brain tissues of rats after SAH. Downregulation of NHE1 by HOE642 (a specific chemical inhibitor of NHE1) and genetic-knockdown can effectively alleviate behavioral and cognitive dysfunction, brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, neurondegeneration, and neuronal apoptosis, all of which are involved in EBI following SAH. However, upregulation of NHE1 by genetic-overexpression can produce opposite effects. Additionally, inhibiting NHE1 significantly attenuates OxyHb-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro and reduces interaction of NHE1 and CHP1 both in vivo and invitro. Collectively, we can conclude that NHE1 participates in EBI induced bySAH through mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, behavioral and cognitivedysfunction, BBB injury, brain edema, and promoting neuronal degeneration andapoptosis.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Initiating TrkB/Akt Signaling Cascade Preserves Blood–Brain Barrier afterSubarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

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    机译 在启动TrkB / Akt信号级联后，保留了血脑屏障大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血
    摘要：The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in affecting the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study aimed to investigate activation of the Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) and its downstream signaling pathway on preserving BBB breakdown after experimental SAH. An endovascular perforation SAH model was applied. N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]-2- oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide (HIOC), the derivative of N-acetyl serotonin (NAS), was intracerebroventricularly administered 3 h after SAH induction. The neurologic scores and brain water content were evaluated in an outcome study. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate the mechanism. The results indicated that HIOC activated the TrkB/Akt pathway, increased the tight junction expression, improved neurologic deficits, and ameliorated brain edema after SAH. Thus, we conclude that initiating the TrkB/Akt signaling cascade preserves BBB breakdown after experimental SAH in rats.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Iron Dyshomeostasis Induces Binding of APP to BACE1 for Amyloid Pathology,and Impairs APP/Fpn1 Complex in Microglia: Implication in Pathogenesis of CerebralMicrobleeds

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    机译 铁动态不稳定诱导淀粉样蛋白病理学的APP绑定到BACE1，和损害小胶质细胞的APP / Fpn1复合体：在脑发病机制中的意义。微出血
    摘要：As a putative marker of cerebral small vessel disease, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) have been associated with vascular cognitive impairment. Both iron accumulation and amyloid protein precursor (APP) dysregulation are recognized as pathological hallmarks underlying the progression of CMBs, but their cross-talk is not yet understood. In this study, we found a profound increase of amyloid formation with increasing FeCl3 treatment, and a distinct change in APP metabolism and expression of iron homeostasis proteins (ferritin, Fpn1, iron regulatory protein) was observed at the 300 uM concentration of FeCl3. Further results revealed that extracellular iron accumulation might potentially induce binding of APP to BACE1 for amyloid formation and decrease the capability of APP/Fpn1 in mediating iron export. Our findings in this study, reflecting a probable relationship between iron dyshomeostasis and amyloid pathology, may help shed light on the underlying pathogenesis of CMBs in vascular cognitive impairment.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Combined Microsurgery and Endovascular Intervention in One-Stop for Treatmentof Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation: The Efficacy of a Hybrid Operation

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    机译 一站式联合显微外科和血管内介入治疗动静脉畸形的治疗：混合手术的功效
    摘要：To investigate the efficacy of a hybrid operation combining microsurgical resection and endovascular interventions in a one-stop treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Patients were divided into two groups: patients who received a hybrid operation, and patients receiving a non-hybrid operation. The hybrid operation group consisted of microsurgical resection with intraoperative angiography, or endovascular embolization. The non-hybrid operation group consisted of microsurgical resection or endovascular embolization, or microsurgery combined with embolization in multiple steps. Comprehensive clinical data was collected for all patients, including preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale score, Spetzler-Martin grade, rehemorrhagia, image follow-up, and 6-month outcomes of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. This study included 22 cases in the hybrid operation group. The remnants were noted on intraoperative angiography in the four patients that were resected within the same session. The non-hybrid group consisted of 52 patients. There were no statistical differences between the two groups with GCS and Spetzler-Martin grade score. The mortality rate in the hybrid operation group was 4.5%, which was lower than the 7.6% obtained in the control group. No patients experienced post-operation rehemorrhagia in the hybrid operation group, but five cases occurred in the control group. The follow-up radiological cure rates were 100% in the hybrid group and 65.9% in thecontrol group. The rate of good outcome was 81.8% in the hybrid operation group and 69.2%in the control group, although there was no significant difference. The hybrid operationis a safe and efficacious strategy for treating cerebral AVMs.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Stereotactic Catheter Drainage Versus Conventional Craniotomy for SevereSpontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Basal Ganglia

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    机译 立体定向导管引流与常规颅骨切开术治疗严重基底神经节的自发性脑出血
    摘要：Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most devastating forms of cerebrovascular pathology. However, its treatment remains a matter of debate among neurosurgeons and neurologists. The study was to explore the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (stereotactic catheter drainage, SCD) for patients with severe intracerebral hemorrhage (Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS) score ≤ 8 and hematoma volume ≥ 30 cm3) and to determine predisposing factors for good clinical outcome. A total of 75 patients with severe ICH were included in this retrospective study. Patients were assigned to the SCD group (n=38) or the conventional craniotomy group (n=37). Patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively, and their clinical parameters were compared. During the operation, the SCD group exhibited a lower bleeding volume (p<0.001) and shorter operating time (p<0.001) than the conventional craniotomy group. For postoperative efficacy, the rates of pneumonia and tracheotomy were lower (p=0.002 and p=0.027, respectively), and the duration of hospital and neurosurgery intensive care unit (NSICU) in days were significantly shorter in the SCD group (p=0.046 and p=0.047, respectively). Furthermore, patients in the SCD group showed improved modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge (p<0.018) and at 12-month follow up(p<0.001). Predisposing factors for good clinical outcomes werehematoma volume (<50 cm3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.043–1.956,p<0.046), initial GCS score (>6, 95% CI: 3.248–187.466,p<0.001), hypertension (none, 95% CI: 1.440–2.922,p<0.001), and treatment modality (SCD, 95% CI: 1.422–3.226,p<0.001). Taken together, SCD surgery is safe and effective inpatients with severe ICH and has fewer complications and better clinical outcomes thanconventional craniotomy.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Association between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and IntracerebralHemorrhage

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    机译 非酒精性脂肪性肝病与脑内关联出血
    摘要：To determine whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are connected, and assess the role played by NAFLD in ICH development. A retrospective study evaluated inpatients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. We divided the patients into Group A (ICH with NAFLD) and Group B (ICH alone). Moreover, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for unfavorable outcomes. A total of 128 patients were included: 34 ICH with NAFLD (group A) and 94 ICH (group B). Sixteen patients exhibited an unfavorable outcome. There was no significant difference among the two groups on the underlying diseases hypertension and heart disease. Group A had more diabetes mellitus cases (35.29% vs 12.76%, p = 0.004). Levels of alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride were higher in group A than in group B (all p < 0.05), while differences in other blood biochemistry tests were statistically insignificant (all p > 0.05). There was a similarity in bleeding sites except for brainstem hemorrhage, which was higher in group B patients (p = 0.036). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low-density lipoprotein (OR, 0.278; 95% CI (0.107–0.702), p = 0.008) was a protective factor for ICH patients with NAFLD. The National Institute of Health StrokeScale (NIHSS) score at discharge (OR, 3.152; 95% CI (1.532–6.486), p =0.002) was independent of risk factors for unfavorable outcomes. Serum levels of LDL was aprotective factor. NAFLD did not increase the unfavorable outcome of ICH patients in ourstudy.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Anti-Platelet Therapy in Mild Cerebral Infarction Patients on the Basis ofCYP2C19 Metabolizer Status

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    机译 基于轻度脑梗死的抗血小板治疗CYP2C19代谢物状态
    摘要：This study aimed to investigate the effects of CYP2C19 metabolizer status on the clinical therapeutic efficacy of cerebral infarction. Patients with cerebral infarction (n = 180; NIHSS score ≤ 5) were recruited and divided into Group A and Group B according to CYP2C19 metabolizer status. In Group A, patients received routine clopidogrel therapy for 1 year; in Group B, the patients with extensive metabolizer (EM) were treated with clopidogrel, and patients with intermediate metabolizer (IM) and poor metabolizer (PM) were treated with aspirin for 1 year. On admission, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was determined, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with Modified Rankin Scale score after 1 year of treatment. The outcomes and adverse effects were recorded during the treatment. After routine clopidogrel treatment, the efficacy in EM patients was significantly better than in PM and IM patients. After adjustment of therapeutic protocol, the therapeutic efficacy in PM and IM patients was markedly improved, which was accompanied by significant reduction in recurrence rate of cerebral infarction. Although the adverse effects increased in patients receiving aspirin treatment, they resolved after symptomatic therapy. CYP2C19 metabolizer status is closely related to the clinical efficacy of clopidogrel. Thus, it is necessary to adjust the anti-platelet treatment according to the CYP2C19 metabolizer status to maximizetherapeutic efficacy without increasing recurrence and adverse effects.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Clinical Manifestations and Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease-Related MultipleCerebral Infarcts

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    机译 自身免疫性疾病相关多重性的临床表现和机制脑梗塞
    摘要：It is important to investigate the clinical characteristics and identify the stroke mechanisms of patients with autoimmune disease-related stroke, which are necessary for early etiology diagnosis, accurate treatment and preventive strategies. In this article we retrospectively studied eight cases of acute ischemic stroke associated with autoimmune diseases, and without competing conventional stroke etiologies. The characteristics of stroke (clinical and radiological features), the laboratory tests especially serum D-dimer levels (as a marker of hypercoagulable state), and embolic signals on transcranial Doppler were evaluated for all eight patients. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI), which can help to evaluate vasculitis was performed in four patients. The possible underlying mechanisms of these cases were discussed based on these manifestations. As a result, autoimmune diseases in our study included systemic lupus erythematosus (n=5), mixed connective tissue disease (n=1), central nervous system vasculitis (n=1), and Takayasu arteritis (n=1). All eight patients presented with acute infarction lesions in ≥2 vascular territories. Most patients presented with numerous small and medium infarction lesions located in the cortical and subcortical areas. Multiple stroke mechanisms were involved in these cases, including hypercoagulability (n=4), cardiacembolism (n=1) and vasculitis (n=3). Embolic signalscould be detected on transcranial Doppler in all three stroke mechanisms. In conclusion,our study revealed the characteristics of autoimmune disease-related stroke. For patientswith multiple acute cerebral infarcts within non-single arterial territories, autoimmunedisease is an important etiology not to be neglected. Multiple stroke mechanisms wereinvolved in these cases.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Evaluation of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging in Sub-acute Ischemic Stroke:Comparison with Rehabilitation Treatment Effect

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    机译 亚急性缺血性卒中扩散峰度成像的评价：与康复治疗效果比较
    摘要：Stroke is a serious worldwide medical condition that causes neurological function disability. Diffusional kurtosis imaging, which measures the non-Gaussianity of water diffusion, has been demonstrated to be a sensitive biomarker in many neuro-pathologies. This study explores the relationship between neural function recovery and transformation of the ischemic lesion and/or corticospinal tract during the sub-acute phase after stroke by using diffusional kurtosis imaging. We performed a prospective study of function recovery and K metrics of 43 patients with sub-acute ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory. The effect of rehabilitation treatment was evaluated using both the Fugl-Meyer motor function score and modified Barthel index score at post-treatment compared with admission, and patients were allocated to two groups: good and poor rehabilitation effect (GRE and PRE). Metrics of diffusional kurtosis imaging within ischemic lesion and along the corticospinal tract were acquired, respectively. All three relative axial diffusional kurtoses (rKas) along the corticospinal tract in the GRE group (n = 21) were significantly larger than those of the PRE group (n = 22), including rKa in the posterior limb of internal capsule, rKa in the cerebral peduncle, and rKa in the basal part of the pons (p = 0.014, 0.005, and 0.021, respectively). This multi-parametric magnetic resonance imagingstudy showed that diffusional kurtosis imaging has the potential to complement existingstroke imaging techniques and revealed its own advantages in elucidating the possiblebiophysical mechanism of functional restoration underlying ischemic stroke.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Detection of Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis by Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRImaging in Subacute Ischemic Stroke

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    机译 体腔内非相干运动MR检测交叉型小脑透析亚急性缺血性卒中的影像学检查
    摘要：Intravoxel incoherent motion has received extensive attention in brain studies for its potential as a non-invasive magnetic resonance perfusion method. However, studies on intravoxel incoherent motion imaging and crossed cerebellar diaschisis detection are relatively scarce. The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging in crossed cerebellar diaschisis diagnosis in subacute ischemic stroke patients by comparing results from intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, and arterial spin-labeling perfusion methods. In total, 39 patients with subacute ischemic stroke who underwent intravoxel incoherent motion, arterial spin-labeling, and single-photon emission computed tomography scanning were enrolled. Intravoxel incoherent motion-derived perfusion-related parameters including fast diffusion coefficient, vascular volume fraction, arterial spin-labeling-derived cerebral blood flow as well as single-photon emission computed tomography-derived cerebral blood flow of bilateral cerebellum were measured. A crossed cerebellar diaschisis-positive result was considered present with an asymmetry index ≥10% of single-photon emission computed tomography. In the crossed cerebellar diaschisis-positive group, fast diffusion coefficient, arterial spin-labeling-derived cerebral blood flow, and computed tomography-derived cerebral blood flow of thecontralateral cerebellum decreased compared with those of the ipsilesional cerebellum;whereas vascular volume fraction significantly increased. The National Institutes ofHealth Stroke Scale score and infarct volume in the crossed cerebellar diaschisis-positivegroup were significantly higher than those in the crossed cerebellar diaschisis-negativegroup. A positive correlation was detected between the fast diffusion coefficient-basedasymmetry index and the single-photon emission computed tomography-based asymmetry index,fast diffusion coefficient-based asymmetry, and arterial spin-labeling based asymmetryindex; whereas the vascular volume fraction-based asymmetry index valuehad a negative correlation with the single-photon emission computed tomography-basedasymmetry index and arterial spin-labeling based asymmetry index. Furthermore, the areaunder the receiver operating characteristic curve value of the arterialspin-labeling-based asymmetry index was 0.923. The fast diffusion coefficient derived fromthe intravoxel incoherent motion could be valuable for the assessment of crossedcerebellar diaschisis in supratentorial stroke patients.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Protective Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Function inPatients with Vascular Dementia

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    机译 高压氧疗法对儿童认知功能的保护作用血管性痴呆患者
    摘要：Recent studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has a therapeutic effect on vascular dementia (VD); however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This article aims to reveal the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of HBO on VD. A total of 158 patients with VD were prospectively included in the study and were randomly divided into control group and HBO group. The control group was given conventional treatment and the HBO group was treated with HBO in addition to conventional treatment. The following HBO protocol was practiced: 5 days per week, 60 min each, 100% oxygen at 2 standard atmospheric pressures for 12 weeks. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and serum Humanin levels were detected before and after treatments in both groups. The baseline characteristics were not different dramatically between groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in MMSE scores and serum Humanin levels between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the MMSE scores and serum Humanin levels in the HBO group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the serum Humanin levels were positively correlated with MMSE scores (r = 0.409, p < 0.05) and this correlation was independent of baseline characteristics (β = 0.312,p < 0.05). HBO therapy can improve cognitive function in patientswith VD, and its mechanism may be related to elevated serum Humanin levels.
  • 17.

    【2hr】MicroRNA-101a Regulates Autophagy Phenomenon via the MAPK Pathway to ModulateAlzheimer’s-Associated Pathogenesis

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    机译 MicroRNA-101a通过MAPK途径调节自噬现象老年痴呆症的发病机制
    摘要：Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been shown to play a role in various diseases, including AD. It also has been reported to regulate autophagy. We extracted miRNA from blood samples and constructed an miRNA-101a lentivirus vector. In this study we found the level of miRNA-101a was significantly reduced in the plasma of patients with AD and APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice. The relative expression of miRNA-101a exhibited a relatively high diagnostic performance (area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.8725) in the prediction of AD with a sensitivity of 0.913 and a specificity of 0.733 at the threshold of 0.6463. Under electron microscopy, autophagic vacuoles in AD-related cells numbered more than the cells up-regulating miRNA-101a in the in vitro experiments. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot results proved that the MAPK1 pathway plays a role in the formation of autophagic vacuoles in AD. This study found that the autophagy phenomenon regulated by miRNA-101a via the MAPK pathway might be a new mechanism in AD. This could provide new insights into AD formation and treatment.
  • 18.

    【2hr】The Pros and Cons of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies

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    机译 基于间充质干细胞疗法的利弊
    摘要：The need to search for new, alternative treatments for various diseases has prompted scientists and physicians to focus their attention on regenerative medicine and broadly understood cell therapies. Currently, stem cells are being investigated for their potentially widespread use in therapies for many untreatable diseases. Nowadays modern treatment strategies willingly use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different sources. Researchers are increasingly aware of the nature of MSCs and new possibilities for their use. Due to their properties, especially their ability to self-regenerate, differentiate into several cell lineages and participate in immunomodulation, MSCs have become a promising tool in developing modern and efficient future treatment strategies. The great potential and availability of MSCs allow for their various clinical applications in the treatment of many incurable diseases. In addition to their many advantages and benefits, there are still questions about the use of MSCs. What are the mechanisms of action of MSCs? How do they reach their destination? Is the clinical use of MSCs safe? These are the main questions that arise regarding MSCs when they are considered as therapeutic tools. The diversity of MSCs, their different clinical applications, and their many traits that have not yet been thoroughly investigated are sources of discussions and controversial opinions about these cells. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge about MSCs in terms of their therapeutic potential, clinical effects and safety in clinical applications.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Deep Brain Stimulation for Amelioration of Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Disorders: Neurogenesis and Circuit Reanimation

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    机译 深层脑刺激改善神经系统疾病的认知障碍：神经发生和回路复活。
    摘要：Acute (e.g., traumatic brain injury or stroke) and chronic (e.g., dementia or Parkinson’s disease dementia) neurological disorders that involve cognitive impairment and dysfunctional neural circuits always lead to a dreadful and costly experience for patients and their families. The application of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders has shown great potential to modulate pathological neural circuits and trigger endogenous neurogenesis. We summarize several important clinical and translational studies that utilize deep brain stimulation to improve cognition based on the potentiation of neural plasticity and neurogenesis. In addition, we discuss the neuroanatomy and cerebral circuits implicated in such studies as well as the potential mechanisms underlying therapeutic benefits.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Circular RNAs: Diversity of Functions and a Regulatory Nova in Oral Medicine: A Pilot Review

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    机译 环状RNA：口腔医学中的功能多样性和监管新星：初步审查
    摘要：Oral diseases, such as cancers, inflammation, loss of bone/tooth/soft tissues, are serious threats to human health since some can cause systemic disease and effective treatments are limited. Thus, discovering promising biomarkers for physiological and pathological processes in oral medicine, and identifying novel targets for therapy have become a most critical issue. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), which were once thought to be a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are found to be of coding potential. CircRNAs are highly present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and are key elements in the physiological and biological processes of various pathological conditions, and are also reflected in oral development and progress. Previous studies have indicated that circRNAs are involved in the initiation and development of different types of diseases and tissues (e.g., cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neural development, growth and development, wood healing, liver regeneration). Moreover, growing evidence demonstrates that circRNAs play vital roles in oral cancers and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Here, we focus on the biological characteristics of circRNAs, beginning with an overview of previous studies on the functional roles of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oral medicine. We hope this will give us a promising new comprehension of the underlying mechanisms occurring during related biological and pathological progress, and contribute to the development of effective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for oral diseases.
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