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  • NLM标题： Behav Anal
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共1172条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】The Bonobo and the Behaviorist: Frans de Waal’s Bottom-Up Morality

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    机译 no黑猩猩和行为主义者：弗朗斯·德瓦尔的自下而上的道德
    摘要：This review considers Frans de Waal’s The Bonobo and the Atheist: In Search for Humanism Among the Primates (2013) from a behavior-analytic perspective. In his book, de Waal asserts evolution as the predominant level of selection for moral behavior, denies the possibility of a prescriptive science of morality, and misrepresents the science of behavior analysis. We expand upon de Waal’s analysis and incorporate operant and cultural levels of selection of moral behavior. We also address the distinction between facts and values and describe behavior-analytic interpretations of belief. In addition, we briefly discuss the possibility of developing a behavior-analytic science of moral behavior.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Applied Behavioral Science Goes to Scale: A Review of Biglan’s The Nurture Effect

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    机译 应用行为科学成规模发展：Biglan的《养育效应》评论
    • 作者：Derek D. Reed
    • 刊名：The Behavior Analyst
    • 2015年第2期
    摘要：
  • 3.

    【2hr】On the Distinction Between the Motivating Operation and Setting Event Concepts

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    机译 论激励性操作与设置事件概念的区别
    摘要：In recent decades, behavior analysts have generally used two different concepts to speak about motivational influences on operant contingencies: setting event and motivating operation. Although both concepts still appear in the contemporary behavior-analytic literature and were designed to address the same antecedent phenomena, the concepts are quite different. The purpose of the present article is to describe and distinguish the concepts and to illustrate their current usage.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Repetitive Behavior in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Clinical and Translational Findings

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    机译 神经发育障碍的重复行为：临床和转化发现。
    摘要：Repetitive behavior refers to a highly heterogeneous set of responses associated with a wide range of conditions, including normative development. Treatment studies for aberrant repetitive behavior are limited although one promising approach involves conceptualizing such behavior as a generalized inflexibility or lack of variability in responding. Relatively little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate the development and expression of repetitive behavior, information critical to the design of effective pharmacotherapies, early interventions, and prevention strategies. We will review clinical findings in repetitive behavior as well as findings from animal models highlighting environmental factors and the role of cortical-basal ganglia circuitry in mediating the development and expression of these behaviors. Findings from animal models have included identification of a specific neural pathway important in mediating repetitive behavior. Moreover, pharmacological studies that support the importance of this pathway have led to the identification of novel potential therapeutic targets. Expanding the evidence base for environmental enrichment-derived interventions and focusing on generalized variability in responding will aid in addressing the broader problem of rigidity or inflexibility.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Prominent Women in Behavior Analysis: An Introduction

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    机译 杰出的女性行为分析：简介
    摘要：
  • 6.

    【2hr】My Mentors and their Influences on My Career

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    机译 我的导师及其对我的职业的影响
    摘要：
  • 7.

    【2hr】A Challenging and Satisfying Career in Basic Science

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    机译 在基础科学领域具有挑战性和令人满意的职业
    摘要：
  • 8.

    【2hr】Stereo Knobs and Swing Sets: Falling in Love with the Science of Behavior

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    机译 立体声旋钮和摆动装置：爱上行为科学
    摘要：
  • 9.

    【2hr】A Career in Behavior Analysis: Notes from the Journey

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    机译 行为分析职业：旅途笔记
    摘要：
  • 10.

    【2hr】Influences on My Early Academic Career

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    机译 对我早期学术生涯的影响
    摘要：
  • 11.

    【2hr】Opportunities and Some Lessons Learned from a Career in Behavior Analysis

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    机译 行为分析职业的机会和经验教训
    • 作者：Carol Pilgrim
    • 刊名：The Behavior Analyst
    • 2015年第2期
    摘要：
  • 12.

    【2hr】Joy and Fulfillment as a Female Behavior Analyst

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    机译 作为女性行为分析师的喜悦与成就
    摘要：
  • 13.

    【2hr】Not so Sweet Revenge: Unanticipated Consequences of High-Intensity Sweeteners

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    机译 不太甜蜜的复仇：高强度甜味剂的意外后果
    摘要：While no single factor accounts for the significant increases in overweight and obesity that have emerged during the past several decades, evidence now suggests that sugars, in general, and sugar-sweetened beverages, in particular, may be especially problematic. One response to this concern has been an explosion in the availability and use of noncaloric sweeteners as replacements for sugar. While consumers have been led to believe that such substitutes are healthy, long-term epidemiological data in a number of cohorts have documented increased risk for negative outcomes like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke among users of artificial sweeteners. Experimental data from animals has provided several plausible mechanisms that could explain this counterintuitive relationship. In particular, my research has demonstrated that artificial sweeteners appear to interfere with basic learned, predictive relations between sweet tastes and post-ingestive consequences such as the delivery of energy. By interfering with these relations, artificial sweeteners inhibit anticipatory responses that normally serve to maintain physiological homeostasis, and over the long term, this interference could result in negative health effects like those seen in the human cohort studies. These data suggest that reducing the consumption of all sweeteners is advisable to promote better health.
  • 14.

    【2hr】An Analysis of Feedback from a Behavior Analytic Perspective

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    机译 行为分析视角的反馈分析
    摘要：The present paper presents a systematic analysis from a behavior analytic perspective of procedures termed feedback. Although feedback procedures are widely reported in the discipline of psychology, including in the field of behavior analysis, feedback is neither consistently defined nor analyzed. Feedback is frequently treated as a principle of behavior; however, its effects are rarely analyzed in terms of well-established principles of learning and behavior analysis. On the assumption that effectiveness of feedback procedures would be enhanced when their use is informed by these principles, we sought to provide a conceptually systematic account of feedback effects in terms of operant conditioning principles. In the first comprehensive review of this type, we compare feedback procedures with those of well-defined operant procedures. We also compare the functional relations that have been observed between parameters of consequence delivery and behavior under both feedback and operant procedures. The similarities observed in the preceding analyses suggest that processes revealed in operant conditioning procedures are sufficient to explain the phenomena observed in studies on feedback.
  • 15.

    【2hr】How Hume’s Philosophy Informed Radical Behaviorism

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    机译 休ume的哲学如何指导激进的行为主义
    摘要：The present paper analyzes consistencies between the philosophical systems of David Hume and B. F. Skinner, focusing on their conceptualization of causality and attitudes about scientific behavior. The ideas that Hume initially advanced were further developed in Skinner’s writings and shaped the behavior-analytic approach to scientific behavior. Tracing Skinner’s logical antecedents allows for additional historical and philosophical clarity when examining the development of radical behaviorism.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Commentary on Malone: Who Founded Behaviorism?

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    机译 马龙评论：谁创立了行为主义？
    • 作者：Hayne W. Reese
    • 刊名：The Behavior Analyst
    • 2015年第1期
    摘要：Malone (The Behavior Analyst, 37, 1–12 ) argued that the emergence of behaviorism was inevitable with or without Watson’s participation, mainly because protobehavioral ideas and dissatisfaction with classical structuralism were already widespread. However, the first premise is questionable because many of the ideas Malone cited were consistent with structuralism rather than behaviorism, and even if both premises were true they would not make the emergence of behaviorism—or anything else—inevitable. Historical evidence for inevitability is always retrospective and therefore always allows the logical fallacy of “after this, therefore because of this.” In the relevant real world Watson existed, he was a psychologist, he was the first to publish an article that described a “behaviorism,” and he promoted his behaviorism in later works. Stories about what would have happened without Watson’s participation are therefore counterfactual and this lack of historicity makes the stories fictional rather than scientific. In the real world, Watson founded behaviorism.
  • 17.

    【2hr】In Memoriam: Nathaniel Gene Smith 1976–2014

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    机译 纪念影片：纳撒尼尔·吉恩·史密斯1976–2014
    摘要：
  • 18.

    【2hr】A New Frontier: Integrating Behavioral and Digital Technology to Promote Health Behavior

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    机译 一个新领域：整合行为和数字技术以促进健康行为
    摘要：Modifiable behavioral risk factors such as cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity contribute to over 40 % of premature deaths in the USA. Advances in digital and information technology are creating unprecedented opportunities for behavior analysts to assess and modify these risk factors. Technological advances include mobile devices, wearable sensors, biomarker detectors, and real-time access to therapeutic support via information technology. Integrating these advances with behavioral technology in the form of conceptually systematic principles and procedures could usher in a new generation of effective and scalable behavioral interventions targeting health behavior. In this selective review of the literature, we discuss how technological tools can assess and modify a range of antecedents and consequences of healthy and unhealthy behavior. We also describe practical, methodological, and conceptual advantages for behavior analysts that stem from the use of technology to assess and treat health behavior.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Advancing Behavior Analysis in Zoos and Aquariums

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    机译 推进动物园和水族馆的行为分析
    摘要：Zoos, aquariums, and other captive animal facilities offer promising opportunities to advance the science and practice of behavior analysis. Zoos and aquariums are necessarily concerned with the health and well-being of their charges and are held to a high standard by their supporters (visitors, members, and donors), organized critics, and the media. Zoos and aquariums offer unique venues for teaching and research and a locus for expanding the footprint of behavior analysis. In North America, Europe, and the UK, formal agreements between zoos, aquariums, and university graduate departments have been operating successfully for decades. To expand on this model, it will be necessary to help zoo and aquarium managers throughout the world to recognize the value of behavior analysis in the delivery of essential animal health and welfare services. Academic institutions, administrators, and invested faculty should consider the utility of training students to meet the growing needs of applied behavior analysis in zoos and aquariums and other animal facilities such as primate research centers, sanctuaries, and rescue centers.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Controlling and Predicting Unpredictable Behavior

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    机译 控制和预测不可预测的行为
    摘要：Behaving predictably can be advantageous in some situations, but unpredictability can also be advantageous in some competitive situations like sports, games, and war. Can, however, unpredictable behavior be conditioned? If a contingency of reinforcement based upon the predictability of behavior generates unpredictable responding, is it possible to conclude that predictability is itself a reinforceable dimension of behavior? In this paper, I address these questions by examining the concept and measures of predictability and the procedures generally used to increase unpredictable responding. I discuss the hypothesis that contingencies based on response frequency shape the generalized operant “to vary” and an alternative hypothesis that such contingencies generate unpredictable responding by balancing the strength of each alternative response over time. I discuss the findings that support the balance hypothesis as well as its limitations. I conclude that the two alternative hypotheses may be complementary in explaining unpredictable responding.
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