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  • 刊频: Quarterly
  • NLM标题: Behav Anal Pract
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  • 机译 建立针对人类服务机构研究的消费者保护
    摘要:Conducting research in practice settings is the primary mechanism for establishing a strong foundation of evidence for clinical decision making. In behavior analysis, this type of research frequently originates from university-based systems that have established institutional review boards. Independent human service agencies that want to contribute applied research to the literature base that is clinically meaningful and conducted in an ethical fashion must establish a research review committee (RRC). The purpose of this article is to provide information and guidance for establishing and maintaining the activity of an RRC in a human service setting.
  • 机译 社交科学®伪科学不受经验支持基于非证据:对克鲁克和优胜者的答复
    摘要:J. B. Leaf et al. (Behavior Analysis in Practice, 9, 152–157, ) wrote a commentary on social thinking (ST), an intervention commonly implemented for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The authors described what constitutes scientific, pseudoscientific, and antiscientific evidence and contended that ST aligns with the definition of pseudoscience and, to date, is not empirically supported or evidence based. Crooke and Winner (Behavior Analysis in Practice, 9, 403–408, ) responded, arguing that ST meets their definition of an evidence-based practice and identifying purported misconceptions and inaccuracies described by J. B. Leaf et al. In the current article, the authors clarify the original arguments, critically evaluate Crooke and Winner’s definition of what constitutes evidence-based practice, further evaluate the research on ST, discuss issues regarding how ST is conceptualized, and express concerns about the endorsement and use of an eclectic approach to treating ASD. As this response was written by behavior analysts, it specifically addresses the conceptual consistency of this approach from a behavior–analytic worldview.
  • 机译 自闭症谱系障碍者的教学观点如何影响社交技能:从研究发现和对从业者的建议
    摘要:Behavior–analytic practitioners working with individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may be approached to incorporate perspective taking into a client’s programming. Teaching perspective taking to individuals with ASDs has received attention in both the developmental psychology and, more recently, the behavior–analytic literature. The results of our review of the current evidence suggest that although perspective-taking repertoires believed to be related to social skills can be taught (false belief task performance, deictic frames), only directly teaching the social skills of interest (or applied perspective-taking skills) results in improvements in socially important behavior. The aim of this article is to provide practitioners with the current state of research on how teaching perspective taking affects social skills and to provide suggestions on how these findings might be incorporated into their practice.
  • 机译 设计接受语言程序:突破研究与实践的界限
    摘要:Initial difficulty with receptive language is a stumbling block for some children with autism. Numerous strategies have been attempted over the years, and general guidelines for teaching receptive language have been published. But what to do when all else fails? This article reviews 21 strategies that have been effective for some children with autism. Although many of the strategies require further research, behavioral practitioners should consider implementation after careful review. The purpose of this article is to help behavior analysts in practice to categorize different teaching procedures for systematic review, recognize the conceptually systematic rationale behind each strategy, identify different client profiles that may make 1 strategy more effective than another, and create modifications to receptive language programming that remain grounded in research.
  • 机译 帮助父母了解应用行为分析:十步创建父母指南
    摘要:Interventions based on applied behavior analysis (ABA) have been shown to be effective for children with a wide range of cognitive, adaptive, and functional abilities. Many special education teachers understand the principles of ABA and are adept at implementing ABA interventions for students. However, as the principles of ABA can be complex, communicating with parents about ABA interventions can be challenging. Providing parents with clear and succinct information in the form of a brief customized reference guide can be instrumental for facilitating and extending communication about their child’s behavioral interventions. This article provides school personnel with guidelines and resources for helping parents understand and use interventions that are based on ABA. Specifically, this article presents 10 steps for creating an information guide for parents and provides recommendations for explaining the guide to parents.
  • 机译 使用MicrosoftExcel®构建自定义的部分间隔数据收集系统
    摘要:Using data to inform treatment decisions is a hallmark of behavior analysis. However, collecting the type of data that behavior analysts often require can be a labor-intensive and time-consuming task. Electronic data collection systems have been identified as a tool to alleviate some of the issues related to data collection, but many obstacles still exist. Current limitations of electronic data collection systems include cost, adaptability, ease of use, and compliance with privacy and security guidelines. The purpose of this article is to offer practitioners an alternative to buying an electronic data collection system by providing a task analysis on how to build customized electronic data collection systems using Microsoft Excel®. This task analysis is written for individuals with limited or no experience working with Excel® but may also be of utility to individuals fluent in Excel®. This task analysis is organized into three sections: (a) creating a basic electronic data collection table with dropdown menus and autofill features, (b) creating a timestamp for all data entered, and (c) creating automatically graphing displays of data.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40617-018-0259-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
  • 机译 致编辑的信:自闭症父母对Papatola和Lustig在实践中进行行为分析中管理式护理同行评审的论文的回应
    • 作者:Cathy Beier
    • 刊名:Behavior Analysis in Practice
    • 2018年第4期
    摘要:An autism parent disputes the authors’ premise that the role of the BCBA is to “transition treatment to parents.” Parents cannot simply “take over” all the advanced degrees, thousands of hours of coursework practicum and exams, or depth and breadth of scientific knowledge required to earn a BCBA any more than we can (or should) “take over” our kids’ pediatric care or prescribe their meds. Papatola and Lustig’s employer, Cigna Behavioral Health, recently made “transition treatment to parents” a criterion of medical necessity for ABA.
  • 机译 行为分析师教育专刊:共同主题
    摘要:The goal of Behavior Analysis in Practice’s special issue on the education of behavior analysts is to highlight a variety of works on the topic of teaching and mentoring students in behavior analysis. The special issue is composed of empirical studies that evaluated teaching procedures aimed at the effective training of behavior analysts; surveys focusing on the content of training programs, including common readings and other components; and commentaries on topics pertaining to teaching and mentoring behavior analysts. Several themes emerged across the issue, including (a) a focus on knowledge of basic principles of behavior analysis, (b) the direct application of operant-based principles in the teaching and mentorship of behavior analysis students, and (c) a significant emphasis on the meaningful application of behavior analysis.
  • 机译 女院士的教训:对玻璃天花板的进一步思考
    摘要:Much discussion has occurred in recent years regarding the participation of women in behavior analysis. The purpose of this article is to share lessons learned as a female academician and impart helpful information to other, newer female university faculty members.
  • 机译 学生应该帮助老师:30年来作为ABA培训师的观点
    • 作者:Brian K. Martens
    • 刊名:Behavior Analysis in Practice
    • 2018年第3期
    摘要:I characterize my efforts to train graduate students in applied behavior analysis as a shaping process that involves closely monitoring their performance, providing numerous opportunities to respond in a variety of contexts, gradually shifting the reinforcement criterion, differentially reinforcing improvement, and providing instruction and error correction when necessary. In line with the old adage that “the student should help the teacher”, I also discuss how students are responsible in part for their own learning. To illustrate the importance of the student helping the teacher, I present a simple mathematical model that shows how two equally talented students can master skills at dramatically different rates by how frequently they respond to learning opportunities and apply what they learn.
  • 机译 研究等
    • 作者:Linda J. Hayes
    • 刊名:Behavior Analysis in Practice
    • 2018年第3期
    摘要:
  • 机译 爱荷华大学儿科系的指导计划
    • 作者:David P. Wacker
    • 刊名:Behavior Analysis in Practice
    • 2018年第3期
    摘要:In this article, the mentoring program in Pediatrics for PhD-level behavior analysts at The University of Iowa is described.
  • 机译 30年培训行为分析师的观点
    摘要:This commentary describes my perspective on training behavior analysts based on over 30 years of experience. The two important activities involved in training behavior analysts are teaching and mentoring. In this paper, I describe my perspectives on each.
  • 机译 在行为分析中训练科学型从业者的模型
    摘要:Our goal should not be to train scientist-practitioners but rather to train science-based practitioners, that is practitioners who base their practice on scientifically solid, applied research; and when caught in a tight spot where there is no Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) research on which to depend, they base their practice on basic, scientific research, that is the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) or more realistically B. F. Skinner’s pre-JEAB research.
  • 机译 关于塑造未来行为分析师的一些想法:呼吁我们忠于职守
    • 作者:Carol Pilgrim
    • 刊名:Behavior Analysis in Practice
    • 2018年第3期
    摘要:
  • 机译 效率就是一切:利用衍生的刺激关系促进有效的实践
    摘要:A pivotal skill of practice involves engineering emergent learning. Toward this end, graduate training in applied behavior analysis must emphasize concepts of and research on stimulus relations in order for practitioners to develop these skills.
  • 机译 我如何学会热爱教学行为分析
    • 作者:Jon S. Bailey
    • 刊名:Behavior Analysis in Practice
    • 2018年第3期
    摘要:
  • 机译 弗吉尼亚州应用行为分析联合会:使用协作模型准备行为分析师
    摘要:The development and the evolution of the Virginia Applied Behavior Analysis Consortium, a collaborative project between four institutions of higher education in the state of Virginia, are described. The main goal of the program is to address the shortage of certified behavior analysts by preparing special education teachers and autism specialists to implement effective behavior-analytic interventions in natural environments. In this article, we briefly discuss the history and the purpose of the program, its components, the evolution of the program, the advantages and outcomes of a collaborative model, and future directions for improvement.
  • 机译 将主流研究设计中的有效威胁分类法应用于应用行为分析的单例实验
    摘要:Mainstream research design in the social and behavioral sciences has often been conceptualized using a taxonomy of threats to experimental validity first articulated by Campbell and his colleagues (Campbell & Stanley, ; Cook & Campbell, ). The most recent update of this framework was published by Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (), in which the authors describe different types of validity and numerous threats to each primarily in terms of group-design experiments. In the present article, we apply Shadish et al.’s analysis of threats to internal, external, statistical conclusion, and construct validity to single-case experimental research as it is typically conducted in applied behavior analysis. In doing so, we hope to provide researchers and educators in the field with a translation of the validity-threats taxonomy into terms and considerations relevant to the design and interpretation of applied behavior-analytic research for the purposes of more careful research design and the ability to communicate our designs to individuals outside of behavior analysis, using their own vocabulary.
  • 机译 一项随机对照试验用于评估接受和承诺疗法(ACT)的使用以提高研究生的学习成绩和心理灵活性
    摘要:Graduate students experience high levels of demand in their degree programs, which often results in difficulty maintaining their academic performance and managing their distress. The present study examined the effectiveness of a 6-week values clarification and committed action training program derived from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to increase academic performance and psychological flexibility of graduate students in a behavior analysis and therapy program by comparing a Values intervention group to a Study Tips active treatment control group on measures of academic performance, psychological flexibility, values-driven behavior, and stress. The results suggest that the Values group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in academic performance (t (32) = 1.902, p < 0.05), psychological flexibility (t (32) = 1.895, p < .05), and ratings of the importance of education-related values (t (32) = 2.013, p < .05) compared to the control group, and nonsignificant improvements in reports of consistency with education-related values (t (32) = 0.7204, p > .05) and perceived stress (t (32) = 1.521, p > .05). The Values group also demonstrated a higher score for social validity than the control group following the intervention (t (32) = 2.449, p < .05).

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