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  • 1.

    【2hr】Effect of a Canine-Assisted Read Aloud Intervention on Reading Ability and Physiological Response: A Pilot Study

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    机译 犬辅助大声朗读干预对阅读能力和生理反应的影响：一项初步研究
    • 作者：Suk-Chun Fung
    • 刊名：Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI
    • 2019年第8期
    摘要：Simple SummaryCanine-assisted reading aloud programs have been attracting growing interest because reading to a dog may contribute to the reading performance of children. The positive effect of a canine-assisted reading aloud program, however, received limited empirical support. Specifically, most of the current papers were papers of expert opinions. The current pilot study aimed at providing preliminary evidence for the effects of reading to dogs on three lower-performing third-graders’ reading abilities and understanding their physiological stress responses. The findings of the study implied that canine-assisted reading aloud programs had potential to increase the reading fluency and relaxation level of children with lower performance when reading to a dog.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Animal Images Database: Validation of 120 Images for Human-Animal Studies

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    机译 动物图像数据库：验证120幅用于人类动物研究的图像
    摘要：Simple SummaryWith the general goal of increasing knowledge about how individuals perceive and evaluate different animals, we provide normative data on an extensive set of open-source animal images, spanning a total of 12 biological categories (e.g., mammals, insects, reptiles, arachnids), on 11 evaluative dimensions (e.g., valence, cuteness, capacity to think, acceptability to kill for human consumption). We found that animal evaluations were affected by individual characteristics of the perceiver, particularly gender, diet and companion animal ownership. Moral attitudes towards animals were predominantly predicted by ratings of cuteness, edibility, capacity to feel and familiarity. We hope this free resource may help advance research into the many different ways we relate to animals.
  • 3.

    【2hr】L-phenylalanine Increased Gut Hormone Secretion through Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Porcine Duodenum

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    机译 L-苯丙氨酸通过猪十二指肠中的钙敏感受体增加肠内激素分泌。
    摘要：Simple SummaryThe proper modulation of feed intake not only meets the nutrient requirement for the maximum growth rate in pigs, but also avoids feed waste. A complete understanding of how dietary factors affect the appetite in pigs will provide a strategy to modulate the feed intake of pigs. L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) has been demonstrated to induce satiety through stimulating anorectic hormone secretion in rodents. However, whether L-Phe has similar effects in pigs is unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate how L-Phe affects gut hormone secretion, along with insight into the underlying mechanism in porcine duodenum by using an in vitro perfusion system. Results showed that 80 mM L-Phe triggered glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) release, and also upregulated calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and its downstream molecules, such as protein kinase C (PKC) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) expression. However, these effects were attenuated by treatment with a CaSR antagonist. Our findings show that CaSR participates in Phe-induced hormone secretion in pig duodenum, indicating that CaSR may be a potential target in the food intake regulation of pigs.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Understanding Cows’ Emotions on Farm: Are Eye White and Ear Posture Reliable Indicators?

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    机译 了解奶牛在农场的情绪：眼睛白皙和耳朵姿势是否可靠的指标？
    摘要：Simple SummaryIt is globally recognized that emotions are important elements of farm animals’ life. However, scientific understanding regarding how to measure and interpret positive emotional states is currently lacking. This study investigated whether eye white and ear posture can reliably help in the interpretation of mood and level of excitement in dairy cows. We found that eye white and ear posture are strongly correlated, and that can be used as complementary measures to interpret emotions. Daily access to pasture has beneficial effects on cows’ emotions. Animals are more relaxed than in any other context, with most of the animals exhibiting half-closed eyes and ears hung down or backwards. The cows were found to be particularly excited during the execution of a human-animal relationship test, showing eye white clearly visible and ears directed forwards, towards the assessor. Housing has an important effect on cows’ emotions: the lower the competition for resources (i.e., in case of more feeding places or cubicles than the number of animals), the lower the level of excitement. This research is a further step towards the use of indicators able to measure emotions in dairy cows and can contribute to enhance animals’ quality of life on farm.
  • 5.

    【2hr】What Can We Do for Amphibians and Reptiles at Schools? Between Personal Conceptions, Conceptual Change and Students’ Pro-Environmental Attitudes

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    机译 我们可以为学校的两栖动物和爬行动物做什么？在个人观念，观念转变与学生的环保态度之间
    摘要：Simple SummaryAmphibians and reptiles play an important role in ecosystems, usually in the middle of trophic networks, but at the same time they are one of the most endangered groups. Their value seems still to be underestimated by society and is based on many misconceptions and a simple lack of knowledge, which in turn might influence society’s willingness to protect these animals. The authors investigated students’ conceptions about amphibians and reptiles, then designed a teaching sequence in order to trace some possible conceptual changes and to shape pro-environmental attitudes towards amphibians and reptiles.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Dietary Inclusion of 1,3-Butanediol Increases Dam Circulating Ketones and Increases Progeny Birth Weight

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    机译 膳食中1,3-丁二醇的添加增加大坝循环酮并增加后代出生体重
    摘要：Simple SummaryGilt progeny are born and weaned lighter and have poorer life-time performance than sow progeny. Low birth weights and pre-weaning mortality are highly associated with and are often a result of reduced milk consumption and vigor. Glycogen stores are deposited in utero and are relied on heavily within the first hours of life. Because of rapid depletion of these stores, piglets must consume enough milk immediately post-partum for survival. Similar to glucose, ketone bodies have the ability to readily pass the placenta for the piglet to use in the neonatal period. Supplementing late gestation diets with ketogenic substances as an alternative source of energy can potentially be used by the piglet, reducing the rapid depletion of glycogen stores. This study supplemented late gestation diets of both gilts and sows with the ketogenic substance 1,3-Butanediol and found that birth weights and total litter weights were increased in both gilt and sow progeny. While Butanediol can potentially increase birth weight and growth performance in the post-parturition period, a strong parity effect was still evident throughout the study with sow progeny outperforming gilt progeny
  • 7.

    【2hr】Endangered Exotic Pets on Social Media in the Middle East: Presence and Impact

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    机译 中东社交媒体上濒临灭绝的奇特宠物的存在与影响
    摘要：Simple SummaryThe exotic pet trade is impacted by social media via greater accessibility to photos and videos including these species and the increasing popularity of online animal marketplaces. The social media presence of public figures owning exotic pets has a major influence on exotic species demand. This study aimed to investigate exotic pet popularity, featured species on social media in the Middle East, and public perception of the animals spotlighted by public figures. We discuss the impact of such on the exotic pet trade and possible solutions to this issue. Male public figures from the United Arab Emirates predominated in the collected data, with most posts sourced from Instagram®. Eighty-five percent of the species displayed on social media posts were Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix I- and II-listed, including big cats, birds of prey, and great apes. Through an investigation of social media posts of public figures in the Middle East, we found that there was an overall positive audience reception toward endangered exotic pets. Geographic region, social media platform, animal species, and animal age all influenced the results. We recommend improving public education and awareness of wildlife conservation and laws regarding exotic pet possession to combat the idolization of the exotic pet industry.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Genomic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Cathelicidin Gene Family of the Forest Musk Deer

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    机译 森林麝鹿Cathelicidin基因家族的基因组鉴定和表达分析
    摘要：Simple SummaryCathelicidins are a group of host defense peptides in vertebrates with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, we identified the entire repertoire of the cathelicidin gene family from the forest musk deer genome. Sequence comparison, phylogenetic topology, and gene and genomic organizations collectively suggest that all cathelicidin genes have already been fixed in the genome of forest musk deer before the split of moschidae and bovidae, while independent pseudogenization events have occurred after species divergence. In addition, real-time PCR analysis suggested that all functional cathelicidins play important roles in the immune system. The results of this study will be helpful for further evolutionary and functional studies.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Transition from Conventional Broiler Meat to Meat from Production Concepts with Higher Animal Welfare: Experiences from The Netherlands

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    机译 从常规肉鸡肉到具有更高动物福利的生产概念向肉类的转变：荷兰的经验
    摘要：Simple SummaryAnimal welfare (AW) in conventional Dutch broiler production (i.e., production systems that only satisfy the legal minimum requirements) has been under critique for decades. Then, suddenly, in 2014–2015, AW was improved for the entire Dutch fresh meat market for broilers. A study was conducted regarding the main reasons and decisive factors of this transition. It was found that important factors in bringing-about this transition were: (1) The availability of a cost-efficient alternative to conventional concepts, (2) a basic willingness to change within the entire value chain (including consumers), (3) initiating and triggering actions by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), (4) decisive initiatives by retailers and (5) simultaneous introduction of the new concept and replacement of the conventional concept (i.e., depriving the consumer of a cheaper choice alternative). It was concluded that, if these decisive factors were present, considerable improvements with regard to AW could be obtained in a relatively short period of time. This information can be of use for value chains of other species (e.g., pork) and countries outside the Netherlands.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Former Foodstuff Products in Tenebrio Molitor Rearing: Effects on Growth, Chemical Composition, Microbiological Load, and Antioxidant Status

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    机译 黄粉虫饲养中的前食品：对生长，化学成分，微生物负荷和抗氧化状态的影响
    摘要：Simple SummaryInsects represent a possible alternative nutrient source for food and feed purposes. Insects could be reared on a feed basis alternative to conventional ones of animal origin and could help to face the rising demand of proteins. Mealworm could be reared directly on former foodstuff products allowing to reduce waste materials and enhance profits in several sectors. This study demonstrates that Tenebrio molitor rearing can be done on leftovers and by-products with proficient outcomes and high-quality final products. However, rearing substrates must be carefully selected in order to maximize the outcomes in relation to the prefixed goals.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Variance in Stallion Semen Quality among Equestrian Sporting Disciplines and Competition Levels

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    机译 马术运动学科和比赛水平之间公马精液质量的差异
    摘要：Simple SummaryDespite the increased demand for breeding stallions to be performing at elite levels of competition, little research has been conducted into how equestrian disciplines and competition level affect seminal quality. Using statistical analysis, we found that competing stallions have lower quality semen than non-competing stallions and competitive activity may have a greater negative impact on spermatogenesis than age. In addition, dressage stallions recorded improved semen characteristics when compared to show jumping and eventing stallions. Stallions at elite levels of competition recorded higher total sperm count and progressive motility compared to those competing at lower levels of competition. We suggest that appropriate management of the competition stallion may reduce the negative impacts which exercise can induce on semen quality.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Does in Ovo Injection of Two Chicken Strains with Royal Jelly Impact Hatchability, Post-Hatch Growth Performance and Haematological and Immunological Parameters in Hatched Chicks?

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    机译 卵注射两种具有蜂王浆的鸡菌株是否会影响孵化小鸡的孵化率，孵化后的生长性能以及血液学和免疫学参数？
    摘要：Simple SummaryThe present investigation examined improvements in egg hatchability and the growth performance of hatched chicks of two strains upon injection with increasing concentrations of royal jelly (RJ). The results showed positive effects of RJ injection on all parameters. Limited impacts of the different chicken strains were observed on the tested parameters. The study revealed that varying the chicken strain could alter the response to the in ovo injection with RJ.
  • 13.

    【2hr】A Protocol for the Ethical Assessment of Wild Animal–Visitor Interactions (AVIP) Evaluating Animal Welfare, Education, and Conservation Outcomes

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    机译 道德评估野生动物与游客互动（AVIP）的协议，旨在评估动物的福利，教育和保护成果
    摘要：Simple SummaryAnimal–visitor interactions are the experiences offered by zoos, sanctuaries, and other tourism facilities in which people can be very close, and even touch, wildlife. This proximity could damage animal welfare and be a risk for the health of both animals and visitors. Proximity, however, has a positive emotional impact on visitors, representing an excellent opportunity to communicate conservation and educational messages. We present a protocol to evaluate interaction activities, and describe its application in a “giraffe feeding” interaction evaluation. Behavioral observations and a risk assessment evaluated the impact on animals. A risk assessment related to both visitors and staff and a questionnaire investigated the risks for people and the emotional, educational, and conservation outcomes. An ethical analysis, using an ethical matrix and a checklist, integrated the results, and identified the possible ethical concerns of the interaction. Giraffes’ behavioral freedom and welfare were safeguarded, and a positive emotional and conservation oriented impact was found, the only improvement that could be suggested, in case of restructuring of the facility, being the absence of hand washing facilities after the interaction. The protocol showed its potentiality to protect animal welfare and human health and to promote an ethical use of the interactions.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Offal Chemical Composition from Veal, Beef, and Lamb Maintained in Organic Production Systems

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    机译 有机生产系统中维护的小牛肉，牛肉和羔羊的内脏化学成分
    摘要：Simple SummaryAlmost all byproducts are a rich source of trace elements, whose levels/amounts are usually much higher in byproducts such as offal than in muscular tissues. Furthermore, the demand for offal is likely to increase with the rapidly growing population, because it can be commercially sold for human and animal nutrition and is economically advantageous (e.g., high profitability). Therefore, further research into consumer perception of offal consumption is needed, as well as investigations of the potential use of the nutrients contained in offal. Such studies will ensure a comprehensive presentation of the factors that affect the demand for offal.
  • 15.

    【2hr】The Impacts of a Reading-to-Dog Programme on Attending and Reading of Nine Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

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    机译 “狗到狗”程序对9名自闭症谱系障碍儿童的就读和阅读的影响
    摘要：Simple SummaryThe purpose of this research was to compare reading motivation and attitude, as well as reading and cognitive skills, of school-age children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) who attended a 10 session reading programme with and without the presence of a dog. Children who read to a dog had 100% attendance at sessions over the course of the programme versus 75% (range 25–100%) of children attending reading sessions without a dog. In addition, after the programme, they were significantly more motivated and willing to read at home, as perceived by their parents. However, there were no significant differences in scores on reading and cognitive tests either within each group or between groups. Based on these results, we can conclude that reading to a dog can have positive effects on an ASD child’s motivation and attitude toward reading. More research is needed to better understand if it can also have positive effects on children with ASD’s overall reading and cognitive abilities.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Analysis of 19 Minerals and Cortisol in Red Deer Hair in Two Different Areas of the Stelvio National Park: A Preliminary Study

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    机译 Stelvio国家公园两个不同区域马鹿毛中的19种矿物质和皮质醇的分析：初步研究
    摘要：Simple SummaryMinerals play an important role in animals’ health and nutritional status and are associated with cortisol, a hormone involved in several physiological processes and with a fundamental role in allostasis, the process of achieving homeostasis. The aim of the present study is to perform a preliminary investigation on the concentration of 19 minerals and cortisol in the hair of red deer coming from two different areas of the Stelvio National Park. Results showed a close association between hair minerals and cortisol concentrations and an effect of deer origin. Hair minerals and cortisol assessment is an easy, rapid, and low cost screening method and it is useful in wildlife management programs, in order to investigate wild animals’ health status, to perform environmental studies, to assess the presence of contaminants in wild species and to determine risks for humans. In addition, it could be helpful in public health programs to estimate contamination risks linked to wild animal meat consumption or to assess the presence of contaminants in food-producing animals.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Dietary Chitooligosaccharide Inclusion as an Alternative to Antibiotics Improves Intestinal Morphology, Barrier Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immunity of Broilers at Early Age

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    机译 饮食中加入低聚壳糖作为抗生素的替代品可改善雏鸡的肠道形态，屏障功能，抗氧化能力和免疫力
    摘要：Simple SummaryAt early an age, broilers are susceptible to exterior stressors and therefore have a higher disease incidence rate. Antibiotic growth promoters have been forbidden in animal production by the European Union and other countries since their usage has caused potentially adverse effects such as antibiotic residues in livestock, environmental pollution, and the generation of drug-resistant bacteria. The search for safe and environmentally friendly alternatives to antibiotics to prevent disease and promote growth has become necessary in poultry production. Chitooligosaccharide (COS), a natural alkaline polymer of glucosamine with a number of bioactive groups, is easily obtained by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan, which is the second most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature. Our results indicated that dietary supplementation with chitooligosaccharide, at a dosage of 30 mg/kg, enhanced the feed conversion ratio, benefited the intestinal morphology and barrier function, and improved antioxidant capacity and immunity in broilers at 21 days of age. These effects were similar with those observed as a result of chlortetracycline inclusion. Therefore, dietary COS supplementation can be used as a potential alternative to antibiotics in broilers.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) Vigilance Behaviour Varies between Human-Modified and Natural Environments

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    机译 东部灰袋鼠（Macropus giganteus）的警惕行为在人为改变的环境和自然环境之间变化
    摘要：Simple SummaryUrban landscapes are increasing across the globe, causing wildlife to face new challenges and driving behavioural change. Wildlife in these urban landscapes must adapt their behaviour to survive. We investigated vigilance behaviour in urban and non-urban populations of eastern grey kangaroos. We found that the difference in land use alone did not affect their vigilance behaviour, but kangaroos spent more time vigilant in areas of high human population density. Season and sex also influenced the amount of time spent vigilant: more time was spent vigilant in winter and in female kangaroos. This is the first study to compare the vigilance behaviour between urban and non-urban populations of a large mammal across regions, giving the first insight into how kangaroos adapt their behaviour in urban environments.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Effects of Physical Forms of Total Mixed Rations on Intake, Weaning Age, Growth Performance, and Blood Metabolites of Crossbred Dairy Calves

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    机译 总混合日粮的物理形式对杂交奶牛犊摄入量，断奶年龄，生长性能和血液代谢的影响
    摘要：Simple SummaryWeaning the calf earlier has been found to reduce the milk feeding and labor cost through higher solid feed intake and early rumen development. Forages, when included in calf starter diet, have been found to be beneficial in this regard. This experiment was planned to evaluate the effects of adding 15% oat hay to calf starter and feeding the same as pelleted or un-pelleted total mix ration. Three groups of calves were given four liters of milk daily during the first week and then six liters daily with free access to water and the respective starter diet. The quantity of milk was gradually reduced until the calf started consuming 800 grams of starter for three days. Feed intake, health scores, and shed temperature/humidity were recorded daily. Body weight, body measurements, and blood sample collections were carried out weekly. Feed intake and body measurement gains were similar in all groups. Blood metabolite concentrations and rumen development parameters were also not affected. Average daily weight gain and feed efficiency were numerically higher for calves given pelleted total mix ration followed by unpelleted total mix ration and only concentrate starter feed. On average, calves fed pelleted total mix ration were weaned 5.4 days earlier than those fed only concentrate. No negative effect was observed on any health or growth parameter with addition of oat hay. Expenditure per kg of weight gain was numerically lowest in the pellet fed group, followed by hay mix starter and only starter fed calves. Oat hay may be safely included in calf starter ration as pelleted mixture with economic benefits.
  • 20.

    【2hr】MicroRNA Sequencing Reveals the Effect of Different Levels of Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate/Neutral Detergent Fiber on Rumen Development in Calves

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    机译 MicroRNA测序揭示了不同水平的非纤维碳水化合物/中性洗涤剂纤维对犊牛瘤胃发育的影响
    摘要：Simple SummaryBy histological sectioning and staining of rumen tissues from calves fed with a high or low ratio of non-fibrous carbohydrate/neutral detergent fiber diet, we found that the length and width of papillae were significantly affected by the ratio. From microRNA expression analysis we found cell proliferation, differentiation, physical and nutrient stimuli processes participate in the development of the rumen. In addition, bta-miR-128 was found to affect rumen development by negatively regulating PPARG and SLC16A1. Our findings provided an important resource for the continuing study of rumen development and absorption.
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