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共2016条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Iron status of North American pregnant women: an update on longitudinal data and gaps in knowledge from the United States and Canada

    包量

    机译 北美孕妇的铁状况：美国和加拿大的纵向数据和知识缺口的最新情况
    摘要：Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to iron deficiency due to the high iron demands of pregnancy. To avoid the adverse birth outcomes that are associated with maternal iron deficiency anemia, both Canada and the United States recommend universal iron supplementation for pregnant women. Although the benefits of iron supplementation in anemic women are well recognized, insufficient data are currently available on the maternal and neonatal benefits and harms of universal iron supplementation in developed countries as evidenced by the recent conclusions of the US Preventive Services Task Force on the need for further data that address existing gaps. As part of an effort to evaluate the impact of the current North American prenatal iron supplementation policy, this review highlights the lack of national data on longitudinal changes in iron status in pregnant North American women, emphasizes possible limitations with the original longitudinal hemoglobin data used to inform the current CDC reference hemoglobin values, and presents additional normative data from recent longitudinal research studies of iron status in North American pregnant women. Further longitudinal data in North American pregnant women are needed to help identify those who may benefit most from supplementation as well as to help determine whether there are adverse effects of iron supplementation in iron-replete women.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Ethnic and genetic factors of iron status in women of reproductive age

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    机译 育龄妇女铁状态的种族和遗传因素
    摘要：Background: African Americans are at increased risk of iron deficiency (ID) but also have higher serum ferritin (SF) concentrations than those of the general population. The Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study was a multicenter study of ethnically diverse participants that tested for the hemochromatosis (HFE) C282Y genotype and iron status.Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of ID (SF concentration ≤15 μg/L) and elevated iron stores (SF concentration >300 μg/L) in HEIRS women of reproductive age (25–44 y).Design: The HEIRS Study was a cross-sectional study of iron status and HFE mutations in primary care patients at 5 centers in the United States and Canada. We analyzed data for women of reproductive age according to whether or not they were pregnant or breastfeeding at the time of the study.Results: ID was present in 12.5% of 20,080 nonpregnant and nonbreastfeeding women compared with 19.2% of 1962 pregnant or breastfeeding women (P < 0.001). Asian American ethnicity (OR ≤0.9; P ≤ 0.049) and HFE C282Y (OR ≤0.84; P ≤ 0.060) were independently associated with a decreased risk of ID in nonpregnant and nonbreastfeeding women and in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 1.8; P < 0.001) and African American ethnicity (OR: 1.6; P < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of ID in nonpregnant and nonbreastfeeding women. Elevated iron stores were shown in 1.7% of nonpregnant and nonbreastfeeding women compared with 0.7% of pregnant or breastfeeding women (P = 0.001). HFE C282Y homozygosity had the most marked independent association with elevated iron stores in nonpregnant and nonbreastfeeding women and in pregnant or breastfeeding women (OR >49.0; P < 0.001), but African American ethnicity was also associated with increased iron stores in both groups of women (OR >2.0; P < 0.001). Asian American ethnicity (OR: 1.8; P = 0.001) and HFE C282Y heterozygosity (OR: 1.9; P = 0.003) were associated with increased iron stores in nonpregnant and nonbreastfeeding women.Conclusions: Both ID and elevated iron stores are present in women of reproductive age and are influenced by ethnicity and HFE C282Y. Efforts to optimize iron status should keep these findings in view. This study was registered at as .
  • 3.

    【2hr】Emerging understanding and measurement of plasma volume expansion in pregnancy

    包量

    机译 对妊娠血浆容量膨胀的新兴了解和测量
    • 作者：Laura K Vricella
    • 刊名：The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • 2017年第Suppl 6期
    摘要：Plasma volume expansion is an important component of a successful pregnancy. The failure of maternal plasma volume expansion has been implicated in adverse obstetric outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth. Altered iron homeostasis and elevated maternal hemoglobin concentrations have also been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; limited data have suggested that these effects may be mediated by inadequate plasma volume expansion. In addition, it has been noted that pregnant, obese women, compared with lean subjects, have decreased plasma volume expansion along with impaired iron homeostasis and increased inflammation. Current estimates of plasma volume expansion are outdated and do not necessarily reflect contemporary obstetric populations. Moreover, the validation of clinically applicable methods of plasma volume determination as well as enhanced methodologies should be a priority. Further study is needed to characterize diminished plasma volume expansion during pregnancy and to understand the potential role of impaired iron homeostasis and inflammation in adverse obstetric outcomes, especially in obese women.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Impact of chronic and acute inflammation on extra- and intracellular iron homeostasis

    包量

    机译 慢性和急性炎症对细胞外和细胞内铁稳态的影响
    • 作者：A Catharine Ross
    • 刊名：The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • 2017年第Suppl 6期
    摘要：Inflammation has a major impact on iron homeostasis. This review focuses on acute and chronic inflammation as it affects iron trafficking and, as a result, the availability of this essential micronutrient to the host. In situations of microbial infection, not only the host is affected but also the offending microorganisms, which, in general, not only require iron for their own growth but have evolved mechanisms to obtain it from the infected host. Key players in mammalian iron trafficking include several types of cells important to iron acquisition, homeostasis, and hematopoiesis (enterocytes, hepatocytes, macrophages, hematopoietic cells, and in the case of pregnancy, placental syncytiotrophoblast cells) and several forms of chaperone proteins, including, for nonheme iron, the transport protein transferrin and the intracellular iron-storage protein ferritin, and for heme iron, the chaperone proteins haptoglobin and hemopexin. Additional key players are the cell membrane–associated iron transporters, particularly ferroportin (FPN), the only protein known to modulate iron export from cells, and finally, the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, which, in addition to having antibacterial activity, regulates the functions of FPN. Interestingly, the impact of infection on iron homeostasis differs among pathogens whose mode of infection is mainly intracellular or extracellular. Understanding how inflammation affects each of these processes may be crucial for understanding how inflammation affects iron status, indicators of iron sufficiency, and iron supplementation during inflammation and how it may potentially result in a beneficial or detrimental impact on the host.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Laboratory methodologies for indicators of iron status: strengths, limitations, and analytical challenges

    包量

    机译 铁状态指标的实验室方法：优势，局限性和分析挑战
    摘要：Biochemical assessment of iron status relies on serum-based indicators, such as serum ferritin (SF), transferrin saturation, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), as well as erythrocyte protoporphyrin. These indicators present challenges for clinical practice and national nutrition surveys, and often iron status interpretation is based on the combination of several indicators. The diagnosis of iron deficiency (ID) through SF concentration, the most commonly used indicator, is complicated by concomitant inflammation. sTfR concentration is an indicator of functional ID that is not an acute-phase reactant, but challenges in its interpretation arise because of the lack of assay standardization, common reference ranges, and common cutoffs. It is unclear which indicators are best suited to assess excess iron status. The value of hepcidin, non–transferrin-bound iron, and reticulocyte indexes is being explored in research settings. Serum-based indicators are generally measured on fully automated clinical analyzers available in most hospitals. Although international reference materials have been available for years, the standardization of immunoassays is complicated by the heterogeneity of antibodies used and the absence of physicochemical reference methods to establish “true” concentrations. From 1988 to 2006, the assessment of iron status in NHANES was based on the multi-indicator ferritin model. However, the model did not indicate the severity of ID and produced categorical estimates. More recently, iron status assessment in NHANES has used the total body iron stores (TBI) model, in which the log ratio of sTfR to SF is assessed. Together, sTfR and SF concentrations cover the full range of iron status. The TBI model better predicts the absence of bone marrow iron than SF concentration alone, and TBI can be analyzed as a continuous variable. Additional consideration of methodologies, interpretation of indicators, and analytic standardization is important for further improvements in iron status assessment.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Excess iron intake as a factor in growth, infections, and development of infants and young children

    包量

    机译 铁摄入过多是婴幼儿生长，感染和发育的因素
    • 作者：Bo Lönnerdal
    • 刊名：The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • 2017年第Suppl 6期
    摘要：The provision of iron via supplementation or the fortification of foods has been shown to be effective in preventing and treating iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children. However, iron is a pro-oxidative element and can have negative effects on biological systems even at moderate amounts. An increasing number of studies have reported adverse effects of iron that was given to infants and young-children populations who initially were iron replete. These effects include decreased growth (both linear growth and weight), increased illness (usually diarrhea), interactions with other trace elements such as copper and zinc, altered gut microbiota to more pathogenic bacteria, increased inflammatory markers, and impaired cognitive and motor development. If these results can be confirmed by larger and well-controlled studies, it may have considerable programmatic implications (e.g., the necessity to screen for iron status before interventions to exclude iron-replete individuals). A lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying these adverse outcomes limits our ability to modify present supplementation and fortification strategies. This review summarizes studies on the adverse effects of iron on various outcomes; suggests possible mechanisms that may explain these observations, which are usually made in clinical studies and intervention trials; and gives examples from animal models and in vitro studies. With a better understanding of these mechanisms, it may be possible to find novel ways of providing iron in a form that causes fewer or no adverse effects even when subjects are iron replete. However, it is apparent that our understanding is limited, and research in this area is urgently needed.
  • 7.

    【2hr】The effects of iron fortification and supplementation on the gut microbiome and diarrhea in infants and children: a review

    包量

    机译 铁强化和补充对婴幼儿肠道微生物组和腹泻的影响：综述
    摘要：In infants and young children in Sub-Saharan Africa, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is common, and many complementary foods are low in bioavailable iron. In-home fortification of complementary foods using iron-containing micronutrient powders (MNPs) and oral iron supplementation are both effective strategies to increase iron intakes and reduce IDA at this age. However, these interventions produce large increases in colonic iron because the absorption of their high iron dose (≥12.5 mg) is typically <20%. We reviewed studies in infants and young children on the effects of iron supplements and iron fortification with MNPs on the gut microbiome and diarrhea. Iron-containing MNPs and iron supplements can modestly increase diarrhea risk, and in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that this occurs because increases in colonic iron adversely affect the gut microbiome in that they decrease abundances of beneficial barrier commensal gut bacteria (e.g., bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and increase the abundance of enterobacteria including entropathogenic Escherichia coli. These changes are associated with increased gut inflammation. Therefore, safer formulations of iron-containing supplements and MNPs are needed. To improve MNP safety, the iron dose of these formulations should be reduced while maximizing absorption to retain efficacy. Also, the addition of prebiotics to MNPs is a promising approach to mitigate the adverse effects of iron on the infant gut.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Current understanding of iron homeostasis

    包量

    机译 对铁稳态的最新了解
    摘要：Iron is an essential trace element, but it is also toxic in excess, and thus mammals have developed elegant mechanisms for keeping both cellular and whole-body iron concentrations within the optimal physiologic range. In the diet, iron is either sequestered within heme or in various nonheme forms. Although the absorption of heme iron is poorly understood, nonheme iron is transported across the apical membrane of the intestinal enterocyte by divalent metal-ion transporter 1 (DMT1) and is exported into the circulation via ferroportin 1 (FPN1). Newly absorbed iron binds to plasma transferrin and is distributed around the body to sites of utilization with the erythroid marrow having particularly high iron requirements. Iron-loaded transferrin binds to transferrin receptor 1 on the surface of most body cells, and after endocytosis of the complex, iron enters the cytoplasm via DMT1 in the endosomal membrane. This iron can be used for metabolic functions, stored within cytosolic ferritin, or exported from the cell via FPN1. Cellular iron concentrations are modulated by the iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) IRP1 and IRP2. At the whole-body level, dietary iron absorption and iron export from the tissues into the plasma are regulated by the liver-derived peptide hepcidin. When tissue iron demands are high, hepcidin concentrations are low and vice versa. Too little or too much iron can have important clinical consequences. Most iron deficiency reflects an inadequate supply of iron in the diet, whereas iron excess is usually associated with hereditary disorders. These disorders include various forms of hemochromatosis, which are characterized by inadequate hepcidin production and, thus, increased dietary iron intake, and iron-loading anemias whereby both increased iron absorption and transfusion therapy contribute to the iron overload. Despite major recent advances, much remains to be learned about iron physiology and pathophysiology.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Gaps in evidence regarding iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women and young children: summary of US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations

    包量

    机译 关于孕妇和儿童缺铁性贫血的证据上的空白：美国预防服务工作队建议摘要
    摘要：The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) makes recommendations to primary care providers regarding preventive services for asymptomatic patients. Recommendations are based on the scientific evidence that the delivery of the preventive service leads to improvements in meaningful patient outcomes. After a review of the available evidence, the USPSTF found insufficient evidence to recommend routine iron supplementation for pregnant women or routine screening for iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women or young children. The USPSTF identified a critical evidence gap that is related to whether changing hematologic indexes in otherwise asymptomatic pregnant women or in infants within populations who are reflective of the United States leads to an improvement in maternal or child health outcomes. Future research opportunities are described to address these important evidence gaps.
  • 10.

    【2hr】A high-glycemic diet is associated with cerebral amyloid burden in cognitively normal older adults

    包量

    机译 高血糖饮食与认知正常的成年人的脑淀粉样蛋白负荷有关
    摘要：Background: Little is known about the relation between dietary intake and cerebral amyloid accumulation in aging.Objective: We assessed the association of dietary glycemic measures with cerebral amyloid burden and cognitive performance in cognitively normal older adults.Design: We performed cross-sectional analyses relating dietary glycemic measures [adherence to a high-glycemic-load diet (HGLDiet) pattern, intakes of sugar and carbohydrates, and glycemic load] with cerebral amyloid burden (measured by florbetapir F-18 positron emission tomography) and cognitive performance in 128 cognitively normal older adults who provided eligibility screening data for the University of Kansas’s Alzheimer’s Prevention through Exercise (APEX) Study. The study began in November 2013 and is currently ongoing.Results: Amyloid was elevated in 26% (n = 33) of participants. HGLDiet pattern adherence (P = 0.01), sugar intake (P = 0.03), and carbohydrate intake (P = 0.05) were significantly higher in participants with elevated amyloid burden. The HGLDiet pattern was positively associated with amyloid burden both globally and in all regions of interest independently of age, sex, and education (all P ≤ 0.001). Individual dietary glycemic measures (sugar intake, carbohydrate intake, and glycemic load) were also positively associated with global amyloid load and nearly all regions of interest independently of age, sex, and educational level (P ≤ 0.05). Cognitive performance was associated only with daily sugar intake, with higher sugar consumption associated with poorer global cognitive performance (global composite measure and Mini-Mental State Examination) and performance on subtests of Digit Symbol, Trail Making Test B, and Block Design, controlling for age, sex, and education.Conclusion: A high-glycemic diet was associated with greater cerebral amyloid burden, which suggests diet as a potential modifiable behavior for cerebral amyloid accumulation and subsequent Alzheimer disease risk. This trial was registered at as .
  • 11.

    【2hr】Neuromodulation directed at the prefrontal cortex of subjects with obesity reduces snack food intake and hunger in a randomized trial

    包量

    机译 在一项随机试验中，针对肥胖受试者前额叶皮层的神经调节可减少零食的摄入量和饥饿感
    摘要：Background: Obesity is associated with reduced activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region of the brain that plays a key role in the support of self-regulatory aspects of eating behavior and inhibitory control. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique used to modulate brain activity.Objectives: We tested whether repeated anodal tDCS targeted at the left DLPFC (compared with sham tDCS) has an immediate effect on eating behavior during ad libitum food intake, resulting in weight change, and whether it might influence longer-term food intake–related appetite ratings in individuals with obesity.Design: In a randomized parallel-design study combining inpatient and outpatient assessments over 31 d, 23 individuals with obesity [12 men; mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 39.3 ± 8.42] received 15 sessions of anodal (i.e., enhancing cortical activity) or sham tDCS aimed at the left DLPFC. Ad libitum food intake was assessed through the use of a vending machine paradigm and snack food taste tests (SFTTs). Appetite was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS). Body weight was measured. We examined the effect of short-term (i.e., 3 sessions) and long-term (i.e., 15 sessions) tDCS on these variables.Results: Relative to sham tDCS, short-term anodal tDCS did not influence ad libitum intake of food from the vending machines. Accordingly, no effect on short-term or 4-wk weight change was observed. In the anodal tDCS group, compared with the sham group, VAS ratings for hunger and the urge to eat declined significantly more (P = 0.01 and P = 0.05, respectively), and total energy intake during an SFTT was relatively lower in satiated individuals (P = 0.01), after long-term tDCS.Conclusions: Short-term anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC did not have an immediate effect on ad libitum food intake or thereby weight change, relative to sham tDCS. Hunger and snack food intake were reduced only after a longer period of anodal tDCS in individuals with obesity. This trial was registered at as .
  • 12.

    【2hr】Bone mineral density during pregnancy in women participating in a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation

    包量

    机译 参加维生素D随机对照试验的妇女怀孕期间的骨矿物质密度
    摘要：Background: Little is known about bone mineral density (BMD) during pregnancy. Advances in technology with lower radiation emissions by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry instruments now permit the safe measurement of BMD during pregnancy.Objective: We evaluated maternal BMD during pregnancy as a function of vitamin D status in women of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds.Design: A total of 301 women who underwent BMD measurements at 12–20 wk of gestation and again at 0–14 wk postpartum were included in this analysis. Women were a subset of subjects who were recruited for a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy (400, 2000, or 4000 IU/d).Results: Treatment had no significant effect on changes in BMD that occurred between 12–20 wk of gestation and 0–14 wk postpartum. Similarly, changes in spine and femoral neck bone mineral contents (BMCs) were not significantly different in the treatment groups. In addition, vitamin D inadequacy (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, averaged across pregnancy, <50 nmol/L) was not associated with changes in BMD or BMC. There were significant racial/ethnic differences in spine BMD. African Americans lost more spine BMD than did Caucasians (−0.04 ± 0.04 compared with −0.02 ± 0.04 g/cm2; P = 0.033). In addition, baseline obesity was associated with a greater loss of femoral neck BMD. The means ± SDs of femoral neck BMD loss were −0.02 ± 0.05 and 0.0 ± 0.03 g/cm2 for groups with baseline body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) ≥30 and <30, respectively.Conclusion: These findings do not support a dose effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone health and suggest that race/ethnicity and BMI play an important role in pregnancy bone health. This trial was registered at as .
  • 13.

    【2hr】When to eat!

    包量

    机译 什么时候吃！
    摘要：
  • 14.

    【2hr】The SLC2A14 gene, encoding the novel glucose/dehydroascorbate transporter GLUT14, is associated with inflammatory bowel disease

    包量

    机译 编码新型葡萄糖/脱氢抗坏血酸转运蛋白GLUT14的SLC2A14基因与炎症性肠病有关
    摘要：Background: Variations in intestinal antioxidant membrane transporters are implicated in the initiation and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Facilitated glucose transporter member 14 (GLUT14), encoded by the solute carrier family 2 member 14 (SLC2A14) gene, is a putative transporter for dehydroascorbic acid and glucose. Although information on the gene is limited, shorter and longer GLUT14 isoforms have been identified. We hypothesized that GLUT14 mediates glucose and dehydroascorbic acid uptake. If this function could be validated, then genetic variations may associate with IBD.Objective: This study aimed to determine the substrate(s) for the GLUT14 protein and interrogated genetic associations of SLC2A14 with IBD.Design: The uptake of radiolabeled substrates into Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing the 2 GLUT14 isoforms was assessed. Examination of gene-targeted genetic association in the Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study was conducted through the genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing linkage blocks of the SLC2A14 gene.Results: Both GLUT14 isoforms mediated the uptake of dehydroascorbic acid and glucose into X. laevis oocytes. Three alleles in the SLC2A14 gene associated independently with IBD. The odds of having ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn disease (CD) were elevated in carriers of the SLC2A14 SNP rs2889504-T allele (OR: 3.60; 95% CI: 1.95, 6.64 and OR: 4.68; 95% CI: 2.78, 8.50, respectively). Similarly, the SNP rs10846086-G allele was associated with an increased risk of both UC and CD (OR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.49, 5.68 and OR: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.55, 5.78, respectively). Moreover, the SNP rs12815313-T allele associated with increased susceptibility to CD and UC (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.36 and OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.57, respectively).Conclusion: These findings strengthen the hypothesis that genetically determined local dysregulation of dietary vitamin C or antioxidants transport contributes to IBD development. These transporter proteins are targetable by dietary interventions, opening the avenue to a precision intervention for patients of specific genotypes with IBD. This trial was registered at as .
  • 15.

    【2hr】Effect of prior meal macronutrient composition on postprandial glycemic responses and glycemic index and glycemic load value determinations

    包量

    机译 餐前大量营养素成分对餐后血糖反应，血糖指数和血糖负荷值测定的影响
    摘要：Background: The potential impact of prior meal composition on the postprandial glycemic response and glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) value determinations remains unclear.Objective: We determined the effect of meals that varied in macronutrient composition on the glycemic response and determination of GI and GL values of a subsequent standard test food.Design: Twenty healthy participants underwent 6 test sessions within 12 wk. The subjects received each of 3 isocaloric breakfast meals (i.e., high carbohydrate, high fat, or high protein) on separate days in a random order, which was followed by a standard set of challenges (i.e., white bread and a glucose drink) that were tested on separate days in a random order 4 h thereafter. Each challenge provided 50 g available carbohydrate. Arterialized venous blood was sampled throughout the 2-h postchallenge period. GI, GL, and insulin index (II) values were calculated with the use of the incremental area under the curve (AUCi) method, and serum lipids were determined with the use of standard assays.Results: The consumption of the high-protein breakfast before the white-bread challenge attenuated the rise in the postprandial serum glucose response (P < 0.0001) and resulted in lower glucose AUCi (P < 0.0001), GI (P = 0.0096), and GL (P = 0.0101) values than did the high-carbohydrate and high-fat breakfasts. The high-protein breakfast resulted in a lower insulin AUCi (P = 0.0146) for white bread than did the high-fat breakfast and a lower II value (P = 0.0285) than did the high-carbohydrate breakfast. The 3 breakfasts resulted in similar serum lipid responses to the white-bread challenge.Conclusions: These data indicate that the macronutrient composition of the prior meal influences the glycemic response and the determination of GI and GL values for white bread. Future studies are needed to determine whether the background food macronutrient composition influences mean dietary GI and GL values that are calculated for eating patterns, which may alter the interpretation of the associations between these values and chronic disease risk. This trial was registered at as .
  • 16.

    【2hr】Can changes in the plasma lipidome help explain the cardiovascular benefits of the Mediterranean diet?

    包量

    机译 血浆脂质组的变化能否帮助解释地中海饮食对心血管的益处？
    摘要：
  • 17.

    【2hr】Later circadian timing of food intake is associated with increased body fat

    包量

    机译 昼夜节食的时间与体内脂肪增加有关
    摘要：Background: Weight gain and obesity have reached alarming levels. Eating at a later clock hour is a newly described risk factor for adverse metabolic health; yet, how eating at a later circadian time influences body composition is unknown. Using clock hour to document eating times may be misleading owing to individual differences in circadian timing relative to clock hour.Objective: This study examined the relations between the timing of food consumption relative to clock hour and endogenous circadian time, content of food intake, and body composition.Design: We enrolled 110 participants, aged 18–22 y, in a 30-d cross-sectional study to document sleep and circadian behaviors within their regular daily routines. We used a time-stamped-picture mobile phone application to record all food intake across 7 consecutive days during a participant’s regular daily routines and assessed their body composition and timing of melatonin release during an in-laboratory assessment.Results: Nonlean individuals (high body fat) consumed most of their calories 1.1 h closer to melatonin onset, which heralds the beginning of the biological night, than did lean individuals (low body fat) (log-rank P = 0.009). In contrast, there were no differences between lean and nonlean individuals in the clock hour of food consumption (P = 0.72). Multiple regression analysis showed that the timing of food intake relative to melatonin onset was significantly associated with the percentage of body fat and body mass index (both P < 0.05) while controlling for sex, whereas no relations were found between the clock hour of food intake, caloric amount, meal macronutrient composition, activity or exercise level, or sleep duration and either of these body composition measures (all P > 0.72).Conclusions: These results provide evidence that the consumption of food during the circadian evening and/or night, independent of more traditional risk factors such as amount or content of food intake and activity level, plays an important role in body composition. This trial was registered at as .
  • 18.

    【2hr】Reply to WG Thompson

    包量

    机译 回复汤普森工作组
    摘要：
  • 19.

    【2hr】Reply to HH Sandstead and AS Prasad

    包量

    机译 回复HH Sandstead和AS Prasad
    摘要：
  • 20.

    【2hr】Reply to E Archer

    包量

    机译 回复E Archer
    摘要：
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