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  • 1.

    【2hr】Measuring participants’ immersion in healthcare simulation: the development of an instrument

    包量

    机译 衡量参与者对医疗保健模拟的沉浸感：仪器的开发
    摘要：BackgroundImmersion is important for simulation-based education; however, questionnaire-based instruments to measure immersion have some limitations. The aim of the present work is to develop a new instrument to measure immersion among participants in healthcare simulation scenarios.
  • 2.

    【2hr】The reliability and usability of the Anesthesiologists’ Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) system in simulation research

    包量

    机译 麻醉师非技术技能（ANTS）系统在模拟研究中的可靠性和可用性
    摘要：BackgroundNon-technical skills (NTS) such as leadership and team work are important in providing good quality of care. One system to assess physicians’ NTS is the Anesthesiologists’ Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) system. The present study evaluates the ANTS system on the interrater reliability and usability for research purposes.
  • 3.

    【2hr】The effect of implementing cognitive load theory-based design principles in virtual reality simulation training of surgical skills: a randomized controlled trial

    包量

    机译 在外科手术技能的虚拟现实模拟培训中实施基于认知负荷理论的设计原则的效果：一项随机对照试验
    摘要：BackgroundCognitive overload can inhibit learning, and cognitive load theory-based instructional design principles can be used to optimize learning situations. This study aims to investigate the effect of implementing cognitive load theory-based design principles in virtual reality simulation training of mastoidectomy.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Impact of simulation-based training in surgical chest tube insertion on a model of traumatic pneumothorax

    包量

    机译 基于模拟训练的外科胸管插入术对创伤性气胸模型的影响
    摘要：BackgroundChest tube insertion is required for most cases of traumatic pneumothorax. However, this procedure entails risks of potentially life-threatening complications. A “surgical” approach is widely recommended to minimize these risks. Simulation-based education has previously been used in surgical chest tube insertion, but not been subjected to rigorous evaluation.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Reporting guidelines for health care simulation research: extensions to the CONSORT and STROBE statements

    包量

    机译 卫生保健模拟研究的报告指南：CONSORT和STROBE声明的扩展
    摘要：BackgroundSimulation-based research (SBR) is rapidly expanding but the quality of reporting needs improvement. For a reader to critically assess a study, the elements of the study need to be clearly reported. Our objective was to develop reporting guidelines for SBR by creating extensions to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statements.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Ethical reasoning through simulation: a phenomenological analysis of student experience

    包量

    机译 通过模拟进行道德推理：对学生体验的现象学分析
    摘要：BackgroundMedical students transitioning into professional practice feel underprepared to deal with the emotional complexities of real-life ethical situations. Simulation-based learning (SBL) may provide a safe environment for students to probe the boundaries of ethical encounters. Published studies of ethics simulation have not generated sufficiently deep accounts of student experience to inform pedagogy. The aim of this study was to understand students’ lived experiences as they engaged with the emotional challenges of managing clinical ethical dilemmas within a SBL environment.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Simulation as a toolkit—understanding the perils of blood transfusion in a complex health care environment

    包量

    机译 作为工具包的模拟-了解复杂医疗环境中输血的危险
    摘要：BackgroundAdministration of blood is a complex process requiring vigilance and effective teamwork. Despite strict policies and training on blood administration, errors still occur and can lead to mistransfusion with adverse patient outcomes. We used an in situ simulated scenario within an operating room (OR) to identify weaknesses in the current process and hazards that could contribute to mistransfusion.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Open access publishing in health and social care simulation research – Advances in Simulation

    包量

    机译 卫生和社会护理模拟研究中的开放获取发布–模拟进展
    • 作者：Debra Nestel
    • 刊名：Advances in Simulation
    • 2016年第期
    摘要：
  • 9.

    【2hr】From simulation research to education policy: how much evidence is enough?

    包量

    机译 从模拟研究到教育政策：多少证据足够？
    • 作者：Ryan Brydges
    • 刊名：Advances in Simulation
    • 2016年第期
    摘要：
  • 10.

    【2hr】A joint leap into a future of high-quality simulation research—standardizing the reporting of simulation science

    包量

    机译 共同迈向高质量仿真研究的未来—标准化仿真科学报告
    摘要：
  • 11.

    【2hr】Complexity in simulation-based education: exploring the role of hindsight bias

    包量

    机译 基于模拟的教育中的复杂性：探究事后偏见的作用
    摘要：Simulation-based education (SBE) has the potential to misrepresent clinical practice as relatively simplistic, and as being made safer through simplistic behavioural explanations. This review provides an overview of a well-documented and robust psychological construct - hindsight bias in the context of learning in healthcare simulations. Motivating this review are our observations that post-simulation debriefings may be oversimplified and biased by knowledge of scenario outcomes. Sometimes only limited consideration is given to issues that might be relevant to management in the complexity and uncertainty of real clinical practice. We use literature on hindsight bias to define the concept, inputs and implications. We offer examples from SBE where hindsight bias may occur and propose suggestions for mitigation. Influences of hindsight biases on SBE should be addressed by future studies.
  • 12.

    【2hr】A hybrid simulator model for the control of catastrophic external junctional haemorrhage in the military environment

    包量

    机译 用于控制军事环境中的灾难性外部连接处出血的混合模拟器模型
    摘要：Catastrophic haemorrhage from extremity injuries has for a long time been the single most common cause of preventable death in the military environment. The effective use of extremity tourniquets has increased the survival of combat casualties, and exsanguination from isolated limb injuries is no longer the most common cause of death. Today, the most common cause of potentially preventable death is haemorrhage from the junctional zones, i.e. the most proximal part of the extremities, not amenable to standard tourniquets.Different training techniques to control catastrophic haemorrhage have been used by the Swedish Armed Forces in the pre-deployment training of physicians, nurses and medics for many years. The training techniques include different types of human patient simulators such as moulage patients and manikins. Preferred training conditions for the control of catastrophic haemorrhage include a high degree of realism, in combination with multiple training attempts.This report presents a new hybrid training model for catastrophic external junctional haemorrhage control. It offers a readily reproducible, simple and inexpensive opportunity to train personnel to deal with life threatening catastrophic junctional haemorrhage. In particular, this model offers an opportunity for non-medical military personnel in Sweden to practice control of realistic catastrophic haemorrhage, with multiple training attempts.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Clinical exercise physiology students learning with older adults: an innovative simulation-based education programme

    包量

    机译 与老年人一起学习的临床运动生理学学生：一种创新的基于模拟的教育计划
    摘要：In this paper, we report on a series of placements for clinical exercise physiology students in a simulation-based education environment with older, independent adults. The purpose of these placement opportunities was to help prepare students to work confidently and competently with older adults in primary healthcare settings. The effectiveness of these placements was measured through semi-structured interviews with the students, their supervisors and the volunteer patients, and also by analysing the content of the students’ written reflection assignments. A combination of directed content analysis, informed by the research objectives and imposed upon the data, and conventional content analysis, in which codes were developed from themes emerging from the data, was adopted. Coding was based on units of meaning. Overall, the placement aims were met. Students reported increased confidence in communicating with older adults and in using the tools of their trade. This innovative simulation-based education experience helped students gain an understanding of their developing professional identities. However, the data show that some students still failed to recognise the value and importance of communication when working with older adults. The older adults reported that they enjoyed interacting with the students and believed that they had helped the students gain a positive impression of the cognitive and physical abilities of older adults. These older adults had also gained insight into the benefits of exercise physiology in terms of their own wellbeing.This paper demonstrates the benefits of engaging community support in developing healthcare workers and provides guidelines for replication of these innovative simulation-based education experiences. The paper is limited to reporting the social and community engagement benefits for older adults and the learning opportunities for the clinical exercise physiology students. Further research is needed to demonstrate the health gains for older adults who participate in such programmes.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Engaging patients and clinicians through simulation: rebalancing the dynamics of care

    包量

    机译 通过模拟吸引患者和临床医生：重新平衡护理动态
    摘要：This paper proposes simulation-based enactment of care as an innovative and fruitful means of engaging patients and clinicians to create collaborative solutions to healthcare issues. This use of simulation is a radical departure from traditional transmission models of education and training. Instead, we frame simulation as co-development, through which professionals, patients and publics share their equally (though differently) expert perspectives. The paper argues that a process of participatory design can bring about new insights and that simulation offers understandings that cannot easily be expressed in words. Drawing on more than a decade of our group’s research on simulation and engagement, the paper summarises findings from studies relating to clinician-patient collaboration and proposes a novel approach to address the current need. The paper outlines a mechanism whereby pathways of care are jointly created, shaped, tested and refined by professionals, patients, carers and others who are affected and concerned by clinical care.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Non-Technical Skills Bingo—a game to facilitate the learning of complex concepts

    包量

    机译 非技术技能宾果游戏-促进学习复杂概念的游戏
    摘要：Acquiring the concepts of non-technical skills (NTS) beyond a superficial level is a challenge for healthcare professionals and simulation faculty. Current simulation-based approaches to teach NTS are challenged when learners have to master NTS concepts, clinically challenging situations, and simulation as a complex technique. The combination of all three aspects might overwhelm learners. To facilitate the deeper comprehension of NTS concepts, we describe an innovative video-based game, the Non-Technical Skills (NTS) Bingo. Participants get NTS Bingo cards that show five NTS elements each. While observing (non-medical) video clips, they try to find examples for the elements on their cards, typically observable behaviours that match a given element. After the video, participants “defend” their solution in a discussion with the game leader and other players. This discussion and the reflection aim to deepen the processing of the NTS concepts. We provide practical guidance for the conduct of NTS Bingo, including a selection of usable video clips and tips for the facilitated discussion after a clip. We use NTS in anaesthesia as example and provide guidance on how to adapt NTS Bingo to other disciplines. NTS Bingo is based on theoretical considerations on concept learning, which we describe to support the rationale for its conduct.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41077-016-0024-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
  • 16.

    【2hr】How to debrief teamwork interactions: using circular questions to explore and change team interaction patterns

    包量

    机译 如何汇报团队互动：使用循环问题来探索和改变团队互动模式
    摘要：We submit that interaction patterns within healthcare teams should be more comprehensively explored during debriefings in simulation-based training because of their importance for clinical performance. We describe how circular questions can be used for that purpose. Circular questions are based on social constructivism. They include a variety of systemic interviewing methods. The goals of circular questions are to explore the mutual dependency of team members’ behavior and recurrent behavior patterns, to generate information, to foster perspective taking, to “fluidize” problems, and to put actions into relational contexts. We describe the nature of circular questions, the benefits they offer, and ways of applying them during debriefings.
  • 17.

    【2hr】“Hand-it-on”: an innovative simulation on the relation of non-technical skills to healthcare

    包量

    机译 “动手实践”：关于非技术技能与医疗保健之间关系的创新模拟
    摘要：Non-technical skills (NTS) are an integral part of the abilities healthcare professionals need to optimally care for patients. Integrating NTS into the already complex tasks of healthcare can be a challenge for clinicians. Integrating NTS into simulation-based training increases the demands for simulation instructors with regard to scenario design, conduct, and debriefing. We introduce a simulation game, Hand-it-on, that can trigger discussions on how NTS can influence work processes. Hand-it-on aims to help clinicians and simulation instructors alike to improve their understanding of NTS concepts and where they can apply them in their work. It complements existing approaches to teaching NTS by limiting the complexity of the game and by removing medical content, allowing learners to concentrate on NTS. Hand-it-on is relevant for groups and teams working across the range of different healthcare contexts. During Hand-it-on, participants stand in a circle and hand on everyday objects to each other according to simple rules, resulting in many events that can be debriefed in relation to safe patient care. We describe both the conduct of Hand-it-on and ideas on how to debrief participants. We provide variations that can be used in different contexts, focusing the exercise on different learning goals. We also offer the theoretical rationale for using an out-of-context simulation in combination with other forms of teaching. Although we did not evaluate Hand-it-on formally, oral feedback from participants and the replication of Hand-it-on by many simulation teams support its value.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Lessons for simulation-based education from social psychology

    包量

    机译 社会心理学对基于模拟的教育的启示
    摘要：Effective practice is informed by underlying theoretical models. Better awareness and understanding of such models can enhance reflection by practitioners on their current educational activities and so help drive the cycle of continuing improvement. In this article the author reflects on three ways in which a better understanding of social psychology gave insights into why some practices appeared to be more effective than others and some ways in which future practice could be altered. Social psychology places great emphasis on the importance of the situation in which people find themselves an how this impacts on their subsequent behaviour. The three areas specifically addressed in the article include factors which motivate and drive human activities, especially the importance of self-esteem. Secondly, the relevance of the fundamental attribution error, which looks at our tendency as humans to ascribe personal attributes as the cause of the behaviour of others rather than the influence of external events. The third area to be explored is the role of acquiring scripts or heuristics that can broaden the range of activities than can be performed at a subconscious or intuitive level. For each concept, the author has included a brief illustration of its application to the practice of a simulation educator. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41077-016-0007-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Issues of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness for simulation in health professions education

    包量

    机译 卫生专业教育中模拟的成本效益和成本效益问题
    摘要：BackgroundSimulation education can be costly—however, costs need to be considered against what you get in return to determine whether these costs are justified. Unfortunately in simulation education, evaluations that yield information about the return on investment are scarce. An economic evaluation provides a comparison of value. In short—what is it that is being obtained, what do you need to give up to get it, and how does that compare to what you get with the next best alternative? When educators are equipped with this knowledge, they will be better informed to know the place that simulation-based learning approaches should take in optimal course structures.
  • 20.

    【2hr】A conceptual framework of game-informed principles for health professions education

    包量

    机译 卫生专业教育中博弈的原理的概念框架
    摘要：Games have been used for training purposes for many years, but their use remains somewhat underdeveloped and under-theorized in health professional education. This paper considers the basis for using serious games (games that have an explicit educational purpose) in health professional education in terms of their underlying concepts and design principles. These principles can be understood as a series of game facets: competition and conflict, chance and luck, experience and performance, simulation and make-believe, tactics and strategies, media, symbols and actions, and complexity and difficulty. Games are distinct and bound in ways that other health professional education activities are not. The differences between games and simulation can be understood in terms of the interconnected concepts of isomorphism (convergence with real-world practice) and anisomorphism (divergence from real-world practice). Gaming facets can extend the instructional design repertoire in health professional education.
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