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您现在的位置：首页>美国卫生研究院文献>Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science

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共15条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Towards crystal structure prediction of complex organic compounds – a report on the fifth blind test

    包量

    机译 预测复杂有机化合物的晶体结构–第五次盲测报告
    摘要：Following on from the success of the previous crystal structure prediction blind tests (CSP1999, CSP2001, CSP2004 and CSP2007), a fifth such collaborative project (CSP2010) was organized at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. A range of methodologies was used by the participating groups in order to evaluate the ability of the current computational methods to predict the crystal structures of the six organic molecules chosen as targets for this blind test. The first four targets, two rigid molecules, one semi-flexible molecule and a 1:1 salt, matched the criteria for the targets from CSP2007, while the last two targets belonged to two new challenging categories – a larger, much more flexible molecule and a hydrate with more than one polymorph. Each group submitted three predictions for each target it attempted. There was at least one successful prediction for each target, and two groups were able to successfully predict the structure of the large flexible molecule as their first place submission. The results show that while not as many groups successfully predicted the structures of the three smallest molecules as in CSP2007, there is now evidence that methodologies such as dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) are able to reliably do so. The results also highlight the many challenges posed by more complex systems and show that there are still issues to be overcome.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Stacking faults and superstructures in a layered brownmillerite

    包量

    机译 层状褐镁岩中的堆积断层和上部构造
    摘要：Single crystals of Ca4Fe2Mn0.5Ti0.5O9 have been synthesized using a flux method. The structural characterization using single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the space group Amma and unit-cell dimensions of a = 5.3510 (6), b = 26.669 (3), c = 5.4914 (6) Å. The structure is isotypic with Sr3NdFe3O9 [Barrier et al. (2005). Chem. Mater. 17, 6619–6623] and exhibits separated brownmillerite-type layers. One-dimensional diffuse scattering shows that the unit cell is doubled along c by alternating the intra-layer order of tetrahedral chains, causing stacking faults along the b direction. A computer simulation was performed, proving that the observed intensity variations along the diffuse scattering rods originates from two different local structures depending on the configuration of the tetrahedral chains. Selected-area electron diffraction experiments exhibit well ordered regions characterized by satellite reflections corresponding to two different superstructures. Both superstructures can be described using the superspace group A21/m(0βγ)0s, with γ = 0.5 and β ≃ 0.27 or β = 0.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Determining the structure of a benzene7.2-silicalite-1 zeolite using a single-crystal X-ray method

    包量

    机译 用单晶X射线法测定苯7.2-硅沸石-1沸石的结构
    摘要：A simple method for preparing orthorhombic single crystals of benzene-silicalite-1 was developed. A silicalite-1 crystal was pressed with a weight of 2 g along the +c and −c crystallographic axes while the temperature was increased to 473 K. The temperature was then slowly reduced to 313 K, and these heating and cooling steps were repeated three times. After the orthorhombic single crystals adsorbed benzene, the crystal structure of the resulting benzene-silicalite-1 was determined. There were two kinds of benzene molecules in the asymmetric unit. One was located at the intersection of the straight channels and the sinusoidal channels with the benzene ring parallel to the ac plane. The other benzene was located in the middle of the straight channel.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Deducing chemical structure from crystallographically determined atomic coordinates

    包量

    机译 从晶体学上确定的原子坐标推导化学结构
    摘要：An improved algorithm has been developed for assigning chemical structures to incoming entries to the Cambridge Structural Database, using only the information available in the deposited CIF. Steps in the algorithm include detection of bonds, selection of polymer unit, resolution of disorder, and assignment of bond types and formal charges. The chief difficulty is posed by the large number of metallo-organic crystal structures that must be processed, given our aspiration that assigned chemical structures should accurately reflect properties such as the oxidation states of metals and redox-active ligands, metal coordination numbers and hapticities, and the aromaticity or otherwise of metal ligands. Other complications arise from disorder, especially when it is symmetry imposed or modelled with the SQUEEZE algorithm. Each assigned structure is accompanied by an estimate of reliability and, where necessary, diagnostic information indicating probable points of error. Although the algorithm was written to aid building of the Cambridge Structural Database, it has the potential to develop into a general-purpose tool for adding chemical information to newly determined crystal structures.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Modulated anharmonic ADPs are intrinsic to aperiodic crystals: a case study on incommensurate Rb2ZnCl4

    包量

    机译 调制非谐ADP是非周期性晶体固有的：一个不相称的Rb2ZnCl4的案例研究
    摘要：A combination of structure refinements, analysis of the superspace MEM density and interpretation of difference-Fourier maps has been used to characterize the incommensurate modulation of rubidium tetrachlorozincate, Rb2ZnCl4, at a temperature of T = 196 K, close to the lock-in transition at T lock-in = 192 K. The modulation is found to consist of a combination of displacement modulation functions, modulated atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) and modulated third-order anharmonic ADPs. Up to fifth-order Fourier coefficients could be refined against diffraction data containing up to fifth-order satellite reflections. The center-of-charge of the atomic basins of the MEM density and the displacive modulation functions of the structure model provide equivalent descriptions of the displacive modulation. Modulations of the ADPs and anharmonic ADPs are visible in the MEM density, but extracting quantitative information about these modulations appears to be difficult. In the structure refinements the modulation parameters of the ADPs form a dependent set, and ad hoc restrictions had to be introduced in the refinements. It is suggested that modulated harmonic ADPs and modulated third-order anharmonic ADPs form an intrinsic part, however small, of incommensurately modulated structures in general. Refinements of alternate models with and without parameters for modulated ADPs lead to significant differences between the parameters of the displacement modulation in these two types of models, thus showing the modulation of ADPs to be important for a correct description of the displacive modulation. The resulting functions do not provide evidence for an interpretation of the modulation by a soliton model.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Validation of experimental molecular crystal structures with dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations

    包量

    机译 用分散校正的密度泛函理论计算验证实验分子晶体结构
    摘要：This paper describes the validation of a dispersion-corrected density functional theory (d-DFT) method for the purpose of assessing the correctness of experimental organic crystal structures and enhancing the information content of purely experimental data. 241 experimental organic crystal structures from the August 2008 issue of Acta Cryst. Section E were energy-minimized in full, including unit-cell parameters. The differences between the experimental and the minimized crystal structures were subjected to statistical analysis. The r.m.s. Cartesian displacement excluding H atoms upon energy minimization with flexible unit-cell parameters is selected as a pertinent indicator of the correctness of a crystal structure. All 241 experimental crystal structures are reproduced very well: the average r.m.s. Cartesian displacement for the 241 crystal structures, including 16 disordered structures, is only 0.095 Å (0.084 Å for the 225 ordered structures). R.m.s. Cartesian displacements above 0.25 Å either indicate incorrect experimental crystal structures or reveal interesting structural features such as exceptionally large temperature effects, incorrectly modelled disorder or symmetry breaking H atoms. After validation, the method is applied to nine examples that are known to be ambiguous or subtly incorrect.
  • 7.

    【2hr】A complicated quasicrystal approximant ∊16 predicted by the strong-reflections approach

    包量

    机译 用强反射法预测predicted16的复杂准晶体
    摘要：The structure of a complicated quasicrystal approximant ∊16 was predicted from a known and related quasicrystal approximant ∊6 by the strong-reflections approach. Electron-diffraction studies show that in reciprocal space, the positions of the strongest reflections and their intensity distributions are similar for both approximants. By applying the strong-reflections approach, the structure factors of ∊16 were deduced from those of the known ∊6 structure. Owing to the different space groups of the two structures, a shift of the phase origin had to be applied in order to obtain the phases of ∊16. An electron-density map of ∊16 was calculated by inverse Fourier transformation of the structure factors of the 256 strongest reflections. Similar to that of ∊6, the predicted structure of ∊16 contains eight layers in each unit cell, stacked along the b axis. Along the b axis, ∊16 is built by banana-shaped tiles and pentagonal tiles; this structure is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The simulated precession electron-diffraction (PED) patterns from the structure model are in good agreement with the experimental ones. ∊16 with 153 unique atoms in the unit cell is the most complicated approximant structure ever solved or predicted.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Diffuse scattering study of aspirin forms (I) and (II)

    包量

    机译 阿司匹林形式（I）和（II）的扩散散射研究
    摘要：Full three-dimensional diffuse scattering data have been recorded for both polymorphic forms [(I) and (II)] of aspirin and these data have been analysed using Monte Carlo computer modelling. The observed scattering in form (I) is well reproduced by a simple harmonic model of thermally induced displacements. The data for form (II) show, in addition to thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) similar to that in form (I), diffuse streaks originating from stacking fault-like defects as well as other effects that can be attributed to strain induced by these defects. The present study has provided strong evidence that the aspirin form (II) structure is a true polymorph with a structure quite distinct from that of form (I). The diffuse scattering evidence presented shows that crystals of form (II) are essentially composed of large single domains of the form (II) lattice with a relatively small volume fraction of intrinsic planar defects or faults comprising misoriented bilayers of molecular dimers. There is evidence of some local aggregation of these defect bilayers to form small included regions of the form (I) structure. Evidence is also presented that shows that the strain effects arise from the mismatch of molecular packing between the defect region and the surrounding form (II) lattice. This occurs at the edges of the planar defects in the direction only.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Towards a generalized vision of oxides: disclosing the role of cations and anions in determining unit-cell dimensions

    包量

    机译 迈向氧化物的普遍视野：揭示阳离子和阴离子在确定晶胞尺寸中的作用
    摘要：Theoretical calculations of the electron-localization function show that, at the volumes of the two CaO phases (rocksalt and CsCl type), the parent Ca structures (fcc: face-centred cubic and sc: simple cubic, respectively) exhibit charge concentration zones which coincide with the positions occupied by the O atoms in their oxides. Similar features, also observed for the pairs Ca/CaF2 and BaSn/BaSnO3, are supported by recent high-pressure experiments as well as electron-localization function (ELF) calculations, carried out on elemental K. At very high pressures, the elemental K adopts the hP4 structure, topologically identical to that of the K atoms in high-pressure K2S and high-temperature α-K2SO4. Moreover, the ELF for the hP4 structure shows charge concentration (∼ 2 electrons) at the sites occupied by the S atoms in the high-pressure K2S phase. All these features confirm the oxidation/high-pressure equivalence as well as the prediction of how cation arrays should be metastable phases of the parent metals. For the first time to our knowledge, the structure type, dimension and topology of several oxides and fluorides (CaO, CaF2 and BaSnO3) are explained in univocal physical terms.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Topological properties of hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds from charge densities obtained by the maximum entropy method (MEM)

    包量

    机译 通过最大熵方法（MEM）从电荷密度获得氢键和共价键的拓扑特性
    摘要：Charge densities have been determined by the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) from the high-resolution, low-temperature (T ≃ 20 K) X-ray diffraction data of six different crystals of amino acids and peptides. A comparison of dynamic deformation densities of the MEM with static and dynamic deformation densities of multipole models shows that the MEM may lead to a better description of the electron density in hydrogen bonds in cases where the multipole model has been restricted to isotropic displacement parameters and low-order multipoles (l max = 1) for the H atoms. Topological properties at bond critical points (BCPs) are found to depend systematically on the bond length, but with different functions for covalent C—C, C—N and C—O bonds, and for hydrogen bonds together with covalent C—H and N—H bonds. Similar dependencies are known for AIM properties derived from static multipole densities. The ratio of potential and kinetic energy densities |V(BCP)|/G(BCP) is successfully used for a classification of hydrogen bonds according to their distance d(H⋯O) between the H atom and the acceptor atom. The classification based on MEM densities coincides with the usual classification of hydrogen bonds as strong, intermediate and weak [Jeffrey (1997). An Introduction to Hydrogen Bonding. Oxford University Press]. MEM and procrystal densities lead to similar values of the densities at the BCPs of hydrogen bonds, but differences are shown to prevail, such that it is found that only the true charge density, represented by MEM densities, the multipole model or some other method can lead to the correct characterization of chemical bonding. Our results do not confirm suggestions in the literature that the promolecule density might be sufficient for a characterization of hydrogen bonds.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Compounds with a ‘stuffed’ anti-bixbyite-type structure, analysed in terms of the Zintl–Klemm and coordination-defect concepts

    包量

    机译 根据Zintl–Klemm和配位缺陷概念分析的具有“填充”反小方铁矿类型结构的化合物
    摘要：The bixbyite structure (Mn2O3) () is often described as a distorted face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) array of Mn atoms, with O atoms occupying 3/4 of the tetrahedral holes. The empty M 4 tetrahedra are centred at 16c. In anti-bixbyite structures (Mg3N2), cation vacancies are centred in empty N4 tetrahedra. If 16 hypothetical atoms were located at this site they would form the structure of γ-Si. This means that anti-bixbyite structures are ideally prepared to accommodate Si(Ge) atoms at these holes. Several compounds (Li3AlN2 and Li3ScN2) fully satisfy this expectation. They are really anti-bixbyites ‘stuffed’ with Al(Sc). The presence of these atoms in 16c is illuminated in the light of the extended Zintl–Klemm concept (EZKC) [Vegas & García-Baonza (2007). Acta Cryst. B63, 339–345], from which a compound would be the result of ‘multiple resonance’ pseudo-structures, emerging from electron transfers between any species pair (like or unlike atoms, cations or anions). The coordination-defect (CD) concept [Bevan & Martin (2008). J. Solid State Chem. 181, 2250–2259] is also consistent with the EZKC description of the pseudo-structures. A more profound insight into crystal structures is gained if one is not restricted to the contemplation of classical anions and cations in their conventional oxidation states.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Electrostatic and aspheric influence of the fluoro-substitution of 4-bromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 3)

    包量

    机译 4-溴二苯醚（PBDE 3）的氟取代的静电和非球面影响
    摘要：Accurate structure determinations by X-ray crystal analysis and computation using semi-empirical self-consistent field molecular orbital calculations are described and compared for 4-bromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 3), the 13C6-isotopic labeled PBDE 3 (13C6-PBDE 3) and its five corresponding monofluorinated analogues (F-PBDEs 3): 2-fluoro-4-bromodiphenyl ether (F-PBDE 3-2F), 2′-fluoro-4-bromodiphenyl ether (F-PBDE 3-2′F), 3-fluoro-4-bromodiphenyl ether (F-PBDE 3-3F), 3′-fluoro-4-bromodiphenyl ether (F-PBDE 3-3′F) and 4′-fluoro-4-bromodiphenyl ether (F-PBDE 3-4′F). The synthesis and full characterization by means of 1H, 13C, 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of the F-PBDEs 3 are presented for the first time. Intermolecular interactions for PBDE 3 and the F-PBDEs 3 isomers were dominated by weak C-H(F,Br) ····π and C-H····F interactions. The bond lengths of C-F varied between 1.347(2) Å and 1.362(2) Å, C4-Br between 1.880(3) Å and 1.904(19) Å. Both correlated with electron-density differences as determined by 13C shifts, but not with the strength of C-F couplings. The interior ring angles at ipso-fluoro-substitution increased to 121.95° due to hyperconjugation by p-π-orbital overlapping, a phenomenon that was also computed. An attraction between the vicinal fluoro-and bromo-substituents was not determined, as seen in fluoro-substituted chlorobiphenyls. The torsion angles measured and computed for the series of PBDE 3 and F-PBDEs 3 differed strongly from each other. Since the ether linkage (an average of 2.76 Å) provides more distance and the bonds are flexible up to a certain range, the influence of a fluoro-substituent is only detectable in PBDEs with high ortho-substitution. A concordance of computed and measured torsion angles can be observed with increasing size and/or grade of substitution comparing mono- to tetra- fluoro-, chloro-, bromo- and methyl-substitutions in the ortho-positions of diphenyl ether. Differences between computational versus measured data demonstrates a strong need to evaluate the results against independent techniques to conclude structure receptor activity relationships of PBDEs. Any discussion of the Ah or other biological receptor activity of certain PBDEs should take this in consideration. For the first time a complete overview of known and hypothetical biological activities of PBDEs is presented.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Orientational disorder and phase transitions in crystals of (NH4)2NbOF5

    包量

    机译 （NH4）2NbOF5晶体的取向无序和相变
    摘要：Ammonium oxopentafluoroniobate, (NH4)2NbOF5, was synthesized in a single-crystal form and the structures of its different phases were determined by X-ray diffraction at three temperatures: phase (I) at 297 K, phase (II) at 233 K and phase (III) at 198 K. The distorted [NbOF5]2− octahedra are of similar geometry in all three structures, with the central atom shifted towards the O atom. The structure of (I) is disordered, with three spatial orientations of the [NbOF5]2− octahedron related by a jump rotation around the pseudo-threefold local axis such that the disorder observed is of a dynamic nature. As the temperature decreases, the compound undergoes two phase transitions. The first is accompanied by full anionic ordering and partial ordering of the ammonium groups (phase II). The structure of (III) is completely ordered. The F and O atoms in the structures investigated were identified via the Nb—X (X = O and F) distances. The crystals of all three phases are twinned.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Genetic and Genomic Public Health Strategies: Imperatives for Neonatal Nursing Genetic Competency

    包量

    机译 遗传和基因组公共卫生策略：新生儿护理遗传能力的必要性。
    摘要：Genetics and genomics are emerging as the central science for 21st century health care. Proficient nursing care incorporates this central science. Nursing genetic competency includes anticipating future demands spurred by knowledge advancement. Three emerging public health areas that call for future neonatal nursing genetic competency development will be discussed here: increasing emphasis on neonatal family health histories, population genetic biobanking, and family genetic advocacy. Neonatal nurses can develop genetic competency by targeting: 1) Collaborative efforts between nurse and family regarding neonatal family health history preparation and understanding its genetic implications; 2) Referrals to and partnerships with genetic advocacy groups in programs that empower neonate's families; 3) Familiarity with biobank practices that interface nursing care domains.
  • 15.

    【2hr】A Description of the Techniques and Application of Molecular Replacement Used to Determine the Structure of Polyoma Virus Capsid at 22.5 Å Resolution

    包量

    机译 用于确定22.5Å分辨率的多瘤病毒衣壳结构的分子置换技术和应用的说明
    摘要：The electron density map of polyoma virus capsid crystals solved at 22.5 Å resolution by molecular replacement [. Nature (London), 295, 110–115] shows that the 72 capsomeres that form the polyoma capsid are all pentamers. An extensive series of refinement calculations were undertaken to demonstrate the validity of this unexpected result. This report describes the details of the data collection, structure determination and the tests of the methods applied. The refinement calculations demonstrate that the refined phases are insensitive to the initial phasing model for a wide variety of models. They also show that it is vital to include in the refinement calculations interpolated values for the unrecorded data. A variety of tests demonstrate that the all-pentamer structure of the polyoma capsid is determined by the diffraction amplitudes and the self-consistent constraint that the 72 capsomeres are arranged with icosahedral symmetry within a well defined limiting envelope.
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