首发广泛性焦虑临床特征、社会心理因素的性别差异分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the gender difference in clinical characters and psychosocial factors of first episode of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods One hundred and twenty patients with first episode GAD were enrolled in this study. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) , Hamilton depression Scale (HAMDn), Social support rating scale ( SSRS), life event scale (LES) and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ)were used to assess clinical characters. Results The female GAD patients showed three age peaks of onset. There were significant differences in educational levels between female and male patients (P<0.01). Female patients had more severe sensing system symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms and genitourinary symptoms than males; while male patients had more severe muscular symptoms, respiratory symptoms and autonomic nerve symptoms than females ( P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in in EPQ, life events, social supports and availability between male and female patients. Conclusion There were gender differences in clinical characters of first episode of generalized anxiety disorder .The psychosocial factors of the GAD are similar in male and female patients.%目的 分析性别差异对首发广泛性焦虑(GAD)患者临床特征、社会心理因素的影响.方法 采用汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA) 、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD17) 、社会支持量表(SSRS ) 、生活事件量表(LES)、艾森克个性测验(EPQ)对120例首发GAD患者的临床特征及社会心理因素进行评估.结果 GAD女性患者有3个高发年龄段,男女受教育程度差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.01);女性患者的感觉系统、心血管症状及生殖泌尿症状较男性明显,男性患者的肌肉系统、呼吸系统、自主神经症状较女性明显(P＜0.05):EPQ中男女患者之间比较差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05);男女患者经历的生活事件均主要是负性生活事件,获得的社会支持及支持的利用度无差异.结论 首发GAD临床表现存在性别差异,但社会心理因素相似.