Climate change will impact on major hydrological components,such as rainfall,evapotranspiration and runoff,and will also change the water resources amount and its temporal-spatial distributions,which will have further impact on the allocation of water resources and water security. The impacts of climate change on the water security has been paid great attention in the world,it is also very important in the process of sustainable development in China. The Yellow River is the mother river in China. However,the conflict between water supply and water demand is rather seri-ous under the conditions of climate change. This paper addressed water resources vulnerability of the Yellow River basin under climate change and proposed a way of adaptive water management from four aspects:allocation,utilization,operation and management of water,which included water resources rational allocation,improving water & sedimentation operation system,approaching the pattern of high efficient water-sediment transport, developing the unconventional water resources rationally,optimal operation of cascade reservoirs,implementing the most strict water resources man-agement institution and carrying out across basin water transfer projects.%气候变化将直接影响降水、蒸散发和径流等水文要素，并在一定程度上改变水资源量及其时空分布，进一步影响水资源利用格局及水安全形势。气候变化对水资源安全的影响是国际上普遍关心的全球性问题，也是我国可持续发展面临的重大战略问题。黄河作为中华民族的母亲河，在全球气候变化的条件下，水资源的供需矛盾日益尖锐。结合黄河的水资源特点，研究和评价了气候变化情景下黄河水资源的脆弱性，并从配置、利用、调度、管理方面系统地提出了适应性对策：探讨有序适应的黄河流域水资源优化配置方案；完善水沙调控体系，探讨高效输沙模式；合理开发非常规水资源；优化调整梯级水库运用方式；实施最严格的水资源管理制度；积极实施外流域调水。
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