黄河宁夏段2012年洪水分析

摘要

通过对2012年黄河宁夏段洪水的实测流量、水位、洪水组成、比降、演进过程及含沙量的综合分析，研究了洪水成因、特点，水库调蓄、灌区引排水对洪水的作用和影响，并与历史资料进行了对比。2012年洪水洪量大、历时长、水位涨幅大、含沙量小，洪水演进过程受灌区排水及河滩地影响，不同河段呈现出不同的洪水过程。黄河宁夏段洪水受龙羊峡和刘家峡水库调蓄作用明显，如果黄河上游唐乃亥以上和循化至兰州区间同时发生洪水，龙、刘两座水库调蓄还不能满足黄河宁夏段防汛需求，结合宁夏河段实际状况，考虑已有的水文测报、调蓄洪水机制，在防灾减害等方面提出了尽快修建大柳树水利枢纽工程的相关建议。%In this paper,the discharge,water level,sediment concentration,flood composition,gradient ratio and flood routing process of the 2012 flood in Ningxia section of the Yellow River were analyzed from different views. Through analyzing the cause and features of this flood,we found out that the flood was influenced by reservoir operation,irrigation and drainage. Compared with historical data,the 2012 flood characterized the large discharge,long time progress and great rise of water level. Suggestions were given for future flood and drought control,water planning and construc-tion combined with the present situation,which were favor to hydrological forecast,flood control and disaster prevention.