基于基本需求和边际成本的阶梯水价模型构建

摘要

Differential water price is the main method to resolve the contradiction between high-cost of water supply and drainage and low-capacity to pay,as well as the important measure to protect the public water rights in fair water. From the perspective of promoting social saving water and fair burden,this paper proposed a differential water price model based on the basic demand and marginal cost,and applied it in Beijing as a case study. The result shows that differential water price based on the basic demand and marginal cost has more significant effect in promoting water conservation and protecting water rights of low water users. The volumes of water from the first to the third stair of Beijing were recommended to set as less than 86. 4 m3 ,86. 4-170. 0 m3 and more than 170 m3 per household per year and the corresponding water prices were 4. 14 RMB Yuan/m3 ,5. 79 RMB Yuan/m3 and 19. 2 RMB Yuan/m3 respectively.%阶梯水价是解决供排水高成本与低收入群体低承受能力之间矛盾的主要手段，也是保护公众公平用水权益的重要措施。从促进社会节约用水和公平负担的角度出发，提出了基于基本需求和边际成本的阶梯水价模型，并以北京市为例进行了实例测算。研究表明：基于基本需求和边际成本的阶梯水价在促进节约用水、保护低用水户用水权益方面效果显著，北京市实施阶梯水价的水量建议设置为每户每年＜86．4、86．4～170．0、＞170．0m3三个阶梯，相应的阶梯水价分别为4．14、5．79、19．20元／m3。