清潩河流域水质时空分异与评价研究

摘要

以2010~2014年清潩河流域(许昌段)国(省)控污染源自动监控的数据为依据,利用ANOVA(方差分析)对研究河段12个断面5 a监测的COD、氨氮进行时间与空间尺度上的显著差异性检验,并基于ArcGIS,分析样本的全局趋势和时空分布,进而采用综合水质标识指数法对各个监测点进行水质评价.研究结果表明:① 指标数据存在时空差异性,可以二阶线性方程拟合,污染呈上升趋势.② 2010~2012年水质呈恶化趋势,2012~2014年水质呈好转趋势;从上游到下游,水质呈恶化趋势.③ 2010~2014年间水质大部分处于VI级以上,人类活动密集区域水质污染最为严重,达到劣V类,流域工业结构性污染突出,整体的水环境功能较差.从流域工农业生产、人居等方面分析了清潩河(许昌段)的水体污染原因,并提出相关的水质改善建议.%With the automatically-monitoring pollution data of the state and provincial cross-sections of Qingyi River (Xuchang section) during 2011-2014, the significant differences of COD and NH3-N at 12 cross-sections on time and space scales in 5 years are checked using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and on the basis of ArcGIS, the samples′ trends and temporal and spatial distribution are analyzed, then the water qualities for every sample points are assessed by comprehensive water quality identification index.The results showed that: (1) the index data had temporal and spatial differences, and the pollution showed a worsening trend that could be fitted with the second order linear equations.(2) The water quality became worse in 2010-2012 and got better in 2012-2014;from upstream to downstream, the water quality became worse.(3) The water quality at most cross-sections of Qingyi River (Xuchang section) were worse than classification VI during 2010-2014, especially in the dense population areas where the water quality was polluted most seriously and reached inferior V classification, the industrial pollution was prominent in the basin, and the water environment function was poor in general.This paper analyzes the water quality pollution causes of Qinigyi River (Xuchang reach) from the aspects of industry, agriculture and human settlement and puts some suggestions on improving the water quality.