间作绿肥对茶园寄生蜂和假眼小绿叶蝉的影响

摘要

The popuLation dynamics of parasitoids and the green Leafhopper,Empoasca vitis( GÖthe)were investigated and anaLyzed in two tea pLantations with intercropping of white cLover and Indian cowpea respectiveLy,and in one con-troL tea pLantation without intercropping but with farming practices such as insecticide spray at the Jintian ecoLogicaL tea garden in YangLi,Minhou,Fuzhou,during May to November 2012. In these three types of tea pLantations,the structures of parasitoids communities were simiLar,and two types of intercropping increased the parasitoid species,in-dividuaL number and diversity index,and had no effect on eveness index and dominant concentration index. In three types of tea pLantations,the dynamics of green Leafhopper were paraLLeLed,with two peaks in Late JuLy and earLy No-vember,and with a smaLLer popuLation in the controL pLantation than in the two intercropping pLantations possibLy due to the insecticide spray in the controL pLantation. In three types of tea pLantations,the dynamics of green Leafhopper eggs in tea shoots were paraLLeLed,with a big peak in Late June and a smaLL peak in earLy November,and with a smaL-Ler popuLation in the controL pLantation than in the two types of intercropping pLantations aLso possibLy due to the insec-ticide spray in the controL pLantation. The parasitic rates of green Leafhopper eggs in three types of tea pLantations had an ascending trend during the period of investigation and reached 65. 19% -76. 52% on 19 November.%2012年5月至11月在福州闽侯洋里金田农场生态茶园，对间作白三叶、印度豇豆和生产茶园3种不同茶园的寄生蜂群落结构和假眼小绿叶蝉及其卵缨小蜂消长动态进行调查和分析。3种不同茶园的寄生蜂群落结构基本相似，间作2种绿肥提高了寄生蜂物种数、个体数和多样性指数，但对均匀性指数和优势集中性指数没有影响。3种不同茶园的假眼小绿叶蝉数量消长趋势一致，其高峰期都在7月底和10月底-11月，但生产茶园的小绿叶蝉个体数都显著低于2种间作绿肥茶园，这可能与生产茶园的农药使用有关。3种不同茶园茶梢内的小绿叶蝉着卵量消长趋势基本一致，都有2个着卵高峰期（6月下旬和11月上旬），第二高峰期梢内的叶蝉平均着卵量显著高于第一高峰期；整个调查期间，生产茶园梢内的叶蝉着卵量均低于2种间作茶园，这可能也是生产茶园的农药使用造成的。3种不同茶园茶梢内的叶蝉卵寄生率在调查期间内总体呈上升趋势，并于11月19日达到65.19％-76.52％。