Background/Aims: Differences in HCV-RNA clearance during therapy might explain the lower efficacy of peg-IFN/RBV in HIV/HCV-coinfection. There are limited data on HCV-RNA clearance and treatment outcomes in liver transplanted (LT) patients. Methods: To assess the rates of SVR and baseline predictors of failure after 48 weeks of weight-adjusted peg-IFN-α-2b/RBV in 120 patients with HCV genotype 1: 61 HCV-monoinfected, 40 HIV-coinfected and 19 LT-patients. Viral clearance was evaluated in patients completing 24 weeks of therapy (n=112, 93%). Results: SVR was significantly lower in HIV-coinfection than in HCV-monoinfection or LT (18 vs. 39 vs. 42%, P < 0.02). By multivariate analysis, HIV-coinfection (OR 3.048, 95%CI 1.133-8.196; P=0.027), baseline HCV-RNA over 800,000 IU/ml (OR 2.800; 95%CI 1.121-6.993, P=0.027) and higher AST values (OR 1.009; 95%CI 1.001-1.018; P=0.028) were significantly associated to failure. Despite similar baseline HCV load (5.67 vs. 5.75 vs. 5.90 log 10 IU/ml), HIV-coinfection showed significantly lower HCV-RNA decreases than HCV-monoinfection at weeks 4 (P=0.015), 12 (P=0.015) and 24 (P=0.0003), and than LT at weeks 12 (P=0.003) and 24 (P=0.023). 36/60 subjects (60%) reaching EVR by week 12 obtained SVR vs. 3/60 (5%) who did not. Conclusions: HIV-coin-fection was independently associated to treatment failure, and led to a significantly slower HCV-RNA clearance.
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