We performed a randomized controlled trial to compare the inflammatory and immune responses to Nissen fundoplication in infants and children undergoing either open or laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Forty children undergoing Nissen fundoplication were randomized to laparoscopy or open surgery using minimization with respect to age, neurologic status, and operating surgeon. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesias were standardized. Inflammatory markers (plasma malondialdehyde, nitrate plus nitrite level, and cytokines) and monocyte class II major histocompatibility complex expression were measured preoperatively, at end of surgery, 4, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Postoperative changes were compared between open and laparoscopic groups. Results: There were no significant changes in circulating malondialdehyde, nitrates plus nitrite, interleukin- 10, or tumor necrosis factor α in the postoperative period in either group. Interleukin- 1 receptor antagonist (IL- 1rA) and IL- 6 were significantly increased in both groups, with a tendency for greater elevation of IL- 1rA in the open group. Monocytemajor histocompatibility complex expression fell significantly in both groups; however, this fall appeared to be slightly more marked in the open group. Conclusions: The postoperative cytokine response is similar in children undergoing open and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. This trial indicates that laparoscopymay partly reduce postoperative immune suppression.
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