Offspring of diabetic rats have reduced urinary calcium and magnesium excretion compared with offspring of controls; these differences persist up to 16 weeks after birth, a time equivalent to young adulthood in humans. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that urinary calcium and magnesium excretion would be lower in children born to mothers with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (ChMIDDM) than those born to nondiabetic mothers. Methods: Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and creatinine were measured in first void spot urine samples collected from 45 (28 male; median age 9.6 years) ChMIDDM and 127 (58 male; median age 11.3 years) controls. Analysis of covariance was used to test for differences in urinary calcium to creatinine ratios (UCa/Cr), magnesium to creatinine ratios (UMg/Cr), and log sodium to creatinine ratios (logUNa/Cr) between controls and ChMIDDM after allowing for the effects of sex and age. Results: UCa/Cr (difference - 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.19 to - 0.01; p = 0.03) and UMg/Cr (difference - 0.15, 95% CI - 0.22 to - 0.08; p < 0.0001) were lower in ChMIDDM than controls. However, logUNa/Cr did not differ between Ch MIDDM and controls (difference - 0.14, 95% CI - 0.33 to 0.05; p = 0.1). The daily estimated intake of magnesium, sodium, and protein were significantly higher and that of calcium non-significantly higher in ChMIDDM than controls. In ChMIDDM, UCa/Cr and UMg/Cr were not related to diabetic control of mothers. Conclusions: Results of this study provide the first evidence that in humans, as in rats, there is modification of renal Ca and Mg handling in ChMIDDM, which persists well into childhood.
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