Objective To investigate the best surgical treatment of anal sphincter preservation in the middle and lower rectal cancer.Methods30 cases of rectal cancer treated in our hospital were selected as the research object, and all patients underwent abdominal resection of the middle and lower rectal cancer with the anus and colon rectal mucosa anastomosis, and 6-7cm18 cases were 8-10cm12 cases.Results There was no operative mortality, no anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stenosis occurred in all patients. All patients were followed up, except for 1 patients with recurrence in 18 months, and patients had no cancer survival in the 29 patients who died of heart disease at 21 months. The control of defecation function was good at 8-12 weeks after operation, and it was 1-3 times /d, and the function of defecation was 18 weeks, and the number of defecation was 1-2 times in 1 days.ConclusionFor rectal cancer patients in the surgery should be clear indications, and a reasonable choice, colon and rectal mucosal anastomosis can be used as a surgical treatment for low rectal cancer and to retain a safe operation of the anus.%目的：探讨直肠中下段癌保留肛门括约肌功能最佳治疗术式。方法选取近两年收治的30例直肠癌患者作为研究对象，所有患者均进行经腹经肛门切除中下段直肠癌又经肛门行结肠直肠粘膜吻合术，癌灶下缘距肛缘6-7cm18例，8-10cm12例。结果全组无手术死亡，无吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄发生。术后所有患者均获得随访，除1例患者在18个月复发，并在21个月时突发心脏病抢救无效死亡外，其余的29例患者均无癌生存。本组术后8-12周时排便功能控制良好，为1-3次/d，18周时基本恢复了正常的排便功能，且排便次数在1天1-2次。结论对于直肠癌患者在进行手术前应明确适应症，并进行合理的选择，结肠直肠粘膜吻合术可作为手术治疗低位直肠癌并保留肛门的一种安全术式。
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