澳大利亚、韩国、日本和美国针灸标准概况

摘要

Objective By comparing the focus of acupuncture standards,management modes of acupuncture in certain areas are summarized to provide a reference for institutions and regions when formulating suitable standards for local acupuncture services.Methods Japan,South Korea,the USA and Australia were selected as the representative countries.The standards language were limited to English,Japanese and South Korean.The websites of the national standards bodies and the official websites for the acupuncture association/ institute of these four countries were searched systematically.The laws of acupuncture were included in the study.Results Technical standards made up the most of the standard system for acupuncture in Japan,basic standards accounted for the most of the system in South Korea,while management standards accounted for the largest proportion of acupuncture standard systems in the USA and Australia.Conclusion Japan and South Korea,which use acupuncture mainly due to cultural and historical influences,place emphasis on establishing technical and basic standards.The USA and Australia,which use acupuncture as a complementary therapy,place emphasis on establishing management standards of acupuncture.%目的:通过比较针灸标准的不同侧重点,总结不同地区针灸行业管理的模式和方法,为制定适合不同地区针灸标准的机构和区域提供参考.方法:将使用针灸的地区按运用针灸的原因划分,选择检索国家为澳大利亚、韩国、日本和美国,检索语言限定为英文、韩文和日文,检索上述4个国家的国家标准网,针刺协会/学会官网.将针刺立法情况视为该国针刺标准的一部分纳入研究.结果:日本技术标准比重最大,韩国基础标准比重最大,美国和澳大利亚管理标准占比重最大.结论:日本和韩国受文化和历史影响,建立的针灸标准体系以技术和基础为重心,而美国和澳大利亚颁布的针刺标准体系以管理为重心.