This report describes a case of a term male 3.1 kg, normal delivery, 38 weeks of gestation with a record of hydramnios by prenatal sonography. He had fetal ac ute suffering and respiratory distress. The first radiographic study showed a ma ss filling the whole left thorax cage causing erosion of the inferior edge of th e third rib. The mediastinum was displaced to the right. Computed tomography sca n confirmed a homogeneous tumor that filled the left thorax and displaced the me diastinum to the right without invasion. Surgical biopsy informed of a highly va scularized mesenchymal tumor. The tumor was embolized with Ivalon microparticles obtaining a nearly avascular mass. Complete surgical excision was made, includi ng the whole mass and costal segments. Microscopically, it was an inflammatory m yofibroblastic tumor. It was composed mainly of spindle-shaped cells without malignant features. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor showed positive staining for vimentin, whereas antidesmin antibodies and S-100 protein were negative. The aim of this article is to present an extremely uncommon case of neonatal distress caused by an intrathoracic, extrapulmonary m yofibroblastic tumor. Complete surgical resection was possible after embolizatio n.
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