北京植物园竹亚科植物耐寒性评价

摘要

In the winter of 2009,Bambusoideae experienced the lowest temperature in 40 years.Beijing Botanical Garden carried out cold-resistance assessment of 59 species under 10 genus of bamboo in terms of the performance of leaves,branches and culms and the growth of new branches,new leaves and new shoots.The result showed that 33 species of bamboo had a better performance in cold resistance,including Phyllostachys.aureosulcata ＇Spectabilis＇,P.vivax ＇Vivax＇,P.angusta,P.nuda ＇Nuda＇,P.aureosulcata＇Aureosulcata＇,P.aureosulcata ＇Aureocaulis＇,P.bissetii,P.propinqua,Indocalamus migoi（Nakai）keng f.,I.varius,I.longiauritus var.longiauritus and Shibataea.chinensis var.chinensis,while 26 species were poor in cold-resistance performance,such as P.sulphurea ＇Viridis＇,P.incarnate,P.bambusoides f.lacrima-deae,P.sulphurea ＇Robert Young＇,P.sulphurea ＇Houzeau＇,P.leioblastus,P.oleosus,P.gozodakensis.It was found that microclimate had an important effect on overwintering performance of bamboo and it was necessary to adopt cold-resistance measures for improving the overwintering capacity of newly planted bamboo.%2009年冬季,北京地区气温降至40年来历史最低,竹亚科植物经历了严峻的低温考验。对北京植物园竹园栽植的10属59种竹子从叶、枝、秆的表现和新枝叶、新笋的生长等方面进行了耐寒性评估,结果表明,金镶玉竹、乌哺鸡竹、黄古竹、灰竹、黄槽竹、黄竿京竹、蓉城竹、早园竹、御江箬竹、善变箬竹、箬叶竹、鹅毛竹等33种耐寒性较强,表现较好;刚竹、红壳雷竹、斑竹、黄皮绿筋竹、绿皮黄筋竹、罗汉竹、油苦竹、秋竹等26种耐寒性稍弱,表现较差。研究发现,小气候环境对竹种的越冬表现具有重要影响,新栽植竹种的防寒措施对提高越冬性是必要的。