油桐资源价值及其开发利用前景

摘要

油桐是木本生物质能源树种,原产于中国武陵山区,属于大戟科,栽培利用历史已上千年.它属于边际性经济林树种,不和粮食作物争地,分布广泛,具有重要的工业价值、能源价值、一定的药用价值及生态价值,故有巨大的开发潜力.从油桐果中提取的桐油传统上主要用作工业原料,随着环境问题的日益突出,能源危机的不断加剧,桐油被选为生物柴油的生产原料,油桐已被列为具有广阔开发前景的能源植物.为给油桐资源的研究与开发利用提供参考依据,对油桐的生物学特性、分布情况、资源价值及其开发利用现状进行了评述,并简单介绍了我国油桐的科学研究、种植及加工的历史.%The tung tree, Vernicia fordii, is a woody plant species for the production of biodiesel, indigenous to Wuling Mountains in China, belonging to Euphorbiaceae, and has been cultivated and utilized for over one thousand years in China. It is a magical species, does not take up the land for the production of grain, distributed widely and possesses great value such as industrial value, energy value and ecological value, which made it a great potential to study. The tung oil is an traditionally industrial feedstock. With depletion of fossil energy and aggravation of environment problem, the tung oil is selected as a feedstock of biodieseL In order to provide a basis for researching, development and utilization of tung tree resources, the biological characteristics, distribution, and development and utilization of tung tree were reviewed. The histories of scientific research, cultivation and processing in China were also briefly introduced.