骏枣果实中的内源激素含量与其生理落果的关系

摘要

为给枣花果管理和生长期调控等提供理论依据和实践指导，以骏枣为研究对象，利用高效液相色谱法测定了骏枣果实发育过程中其正常果与脱落果中内源激素赤霉素（GA3）、生长素（IAA）、玉米素（ZT）和脱落酸（ABA）的含量，并结合骏枣生理落果规律探讨了骏枣果实中的内源激素含量与其生理落果的关系。结果表明：在幼果期和果实膨大后期，骏枣分别出现了2个落果高峰期，第1次生理落果高峰的形成与枣果中GA3、IAA含量的过低有关；第2次落果高峰发生在果实膨大后期，此期枣果即将成熟，枣果中的GA3、IAA和ZT已大量减少，而ABA却急剧上升；文中比较分析了正常果与脱落果中促进与抑制生长两类激素比值的变化曲线，结果发现，在枣果的整个发育时期，其抑制生长激素ABA一直维持在较高水平上，脱落果中的含量相对较多，正常发育果中ABA/(GA3＋IAA＋ZT)之值则始终处于相对平稳的状态中，枣果中抑制生长与促进生长两类激素的比值，对骏枣生理落果有着调控作用，当其ABA/(GA3＋IAA＋ZT)的比值不平衡时，ABA含量过高，而促进生长物质（GA3＋IAA＋ZT）的含量降低，这也会导致骏枣生理落果现象的发生。%To provide an theoretical basis and practical guidance for lfower and fruit management of jujube and growth period regulation, using Jun jujube as experimental material, the endogenous hormone contents of GA3, IAA, ZT and ABA in normal and dropped fruits of Jun jujube were determined during fruit development process by HPLC, and the relationships between endogenous hormones in Jun jujube and fruit drop was discussed combined with its fruit drop regulations. The results showed that Jun jujube had two fruit drop peak periods, which appeared at young fruit period and late period of fruit enlargement, respectively. Too low GA3 and IAA contents were responsible for the ifrst peak, while the second peak occurred at the late period of fruit enlargement, which was fruits ripe stage, the contents of GA3, IAA and ZT substantially reduced, but ABA content was rising sharply at this time. Through comparing changes of the content ratio of growth promoting hormone to inhibition hormone between normal and dropping fruits, the results showed that the content of inhibition hormone ABA maintained at a higher level during the whole fruit development period, it was higher in dropped fruits, and the value of ABA/(GA3+IAA+ZT) in normal fruits always was at a relatively stable state. The content ratio of growth inhibition hormones to promotion hormones in jujube fruits played a regulating role to physiological fruit drop of Jun jujube. When the value of ABA/(GA3+IAA+ZT) was imbalance,ABA content was too high, while promoting growth substances (GA3+IAA+ZT) was reduced, which also causing physiological fruit drop.