赣南纽荷尔脐橙果实生长与主要营养物质积累动态

摘要

为给果园精细化管理提供理论依据,从而提高脐橙果品质量,以纽荷尔脐橙为研究对象,于5-11月果实发育期定期、定点采样,对果实不同生长发育阶段纽荷尔脐橙果实体积(纵径与横径)、质量及主要内含物的动态变化规律进行了观测,分析了果实形态变化与生理营养物质积累的相互关系.测定结果表明,纽荷尔脐橙果实总糖、可溶性固形物、有机酸及维生素C的含量变化规律如下:体积生长曲线为S型;体积增长量峰值出现的时间约早于质量峰值出现的时间15 d,体积生长结束期也约早于质量生长结束期15 d;果实总糖增量的第1个峰值出现在8月16日,与体积增量第3个峰值的出现同期.分析结果表明:5月前的1～2个月必须加强土、肥、气的管理,从而为高产打下基础;7月上旬至中旬是土、肥、水管理的关键时期;10月18日至11月22日正值果实营养物质转化、积累后期,也是亚热带地区的干旱季节,要特别注意果园中土、水、气的监测与管理;果实成熟在11月中旬,果实中的糖酸比合适,风味最佳;果实可溶性固形物含量出现了3个峰值,其中第1个峰值与总糖增量第1个峰值的出现日期吻合,说明可溶性固形物与糖类物质的代谢变化的联系较为密切.%The paper studied on the relationship among the main nutritive material accumulation of Newhall navel orange fruit,and that were sampled at regular intervals during the fruit development period (from May to November).The following work has been studied including the dynamic changes of the fruit volume (longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter) and the main contents of the navel fruit were measured in different growth stages and the relationship between fruit morphological changes and physiological nutrient accumulation was analyzed.This study provided a theoretical basis for the fine management of the orchard and the improvement of the quality of navel orange fruit.The study showed that the dynamic rule of the content of the total sugar,soluble solids,organic acids,and vitamin c in Newhall navel orange fruit was:the volume growth curve is "S".The peak value of volume growth is about 15 days prior to weight gain.The end of volume growth is also about 15 days before weight.The first peak of total sugar increment in fruit appeared in the same period on August 16 with the third peak of volume growth.Analysis shows that This is the basis of high yield that the soil,fertilizer,and gas management must be strengthened in the first 1-2 months of May.Early July to mid-year is the key period of soil,fertilizer,and water management;Special attention should be paid to the soil,water,gas monitoring and management of the orchard on October 18 solstice November 22.The fruit nutrient transformation,accumulation period and it is also the dry season in the subtropical region on October 18 solstice November 22.The fruit possesses appropriate sugar/acid ratio and best flavor matures in In mid-November.The contents of the soluble solid content of the fruit showed three peaks of the total sugar accumulation curve,and the first peak was consistent with the first peak of total sugar increment.It suggests that soluble immaterial has a strong association with metabolic changes in sugar.