不同枣砧木1年生枝抗寒性研究

摘要

为研究枣不同砧木的抗寒性,从而为新疆枣砧木的选择提供理论依据.以收集到的6份枣砧木的1年生枝条为试材,采用人工模拟低温环境的方法对其进行低温处理,测定不同砧木的相对电导率、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量,并应用电导法配合Logistic方程计算供试砧木的半致死温度LT50.6份枣砧木的相对电导率、丙二醛含量随着胁迫温度的下降而升高,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量随着胁迫温度的下降显著升高.在本实验温度处理范围内,S+灰、B+灰枝条的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于灰枣自根砧.6份枣砧木抗寒性差异较大,除毛叶枣外,LT50均在-19～-24℃之间,抗寒性由强到弱依次为:酸枣、扁核酸、S+灰、B+灰、灰枣、毛叶枣.砧木嫁接可通过提高可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量,降低相对电导率和丙二醛含量来提高枣树的抗寒性.%In order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of jujube rootstock by making clear the cold resistance of different rootstocks in xinjiang.The annual shoots of six jujube shoots were used as the tested materials to determinate the effect of low temperature stress on the shoots using the indexes such as relative conductivity,soluble protein,soluble sugar and malondialdehyde content in artificial simulation low temperature environment.The semi lethal temperatures (LT50) of the tested materials were calculated by the conductance method with application of Logistic equation.As the temperature decreased,the relative conductivity and MDA content of six cultivars increased,soluble sugar and soluble protein content increased.The soluble sugar,soluble protein content of grafted Huizao jujube branches were significantly higher than that of self-rooted rootstock in a certain temperature range.There was obvious difference in cold resistance among these six cultivars.The LT50 ranged from-19 ℃ to-24 ℃ except for Maoyezao,and the order of cold resistance was Suanzao ＞ Bianhesuan ＞ Huizao grafted onto Suanzao ＞ Huizao grafted onto Bianhesuan ＞ Huizao ＞ Maoyezao.Rootstock grafting can improve the cold resistance of jujube by increasing soluble sugar,soluble protein content and reducing relative conductivity and MDA content.