仁用杏优良单株果实性状调查与分析

摘要

为准确评价仁用杏资源,从而为选育新品种提供理论依据.对洛阳农林科学院杏属种质资源圃23个仁用杏优良单株果实性状进行调查、分析和评价.结果表明: 23个优株按核纵径可以划分为5个类型,即极长核、长核、较长核、中核、短核;按核横径可以划分为5个类型,即宽核、较宽核、中核、较窄核,窄核;按核厚径可以划分为4个类型,即厚核、中核、较薄核、薄核;按仁纵径可以划分为4个类型,即长仁、较长仁、中仁、短仁;按仁横径可以划分为4个类型,即宽仁、中仁、较窄仁、窄仁;按仁厚径可以划分为4个类型,即厚仁、较厚仁、中仁、薄仁.仁用杏优良单株的出仁率与核纵径、核横径、单核质量、仁厚径及核壳厚显著相关,而出仁率与核厚径、仁纵径、仁横径及单仁质量相关性不显著.优株10-25各项指标优秀,可作为新品种选育的重点备选品系;34-4各项指标较优秀,可作为综合性状好的亲本.9-28、6-5、16-28仁的性状优秀,可作为仁性状优秀的理想亲本.%In order to accurately evaluate almond-apricot resources, and to provide some theoretical basises for breeding new varieties, we investigated, analyzed and evalued fruit characteristics of 23 superior individual plants of almond-apricot in apricot germplasm resource nursery of Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The results show that based on longitudinal diameter of nutlet,the 23 superior plants could be divided into five types,i.e.extremely long nutlet, long nutlet, longer nutlet, middle nutlet and short nutlet. Based on transverse diameter of nutlet, they could be divided into five types,i.e.wide nutlet,wider nutlet,middle nutlet,narrowerer nutlet,narrow nutlet.Based on thickness diameter of nutlet, they could be divided into four types, i.e. thick nutlet, middle nutlet, thinner nutlet, thin nutlet. Based on longitudinal diameter of kernel, they could be divided into four types, i.e. long kernel, longer kernel, middle kernel, short kernel. Based on transverse diameter of kernel, they could be divided into four types, i.e. wide kernel, middle kernel, narrower kernel, narrow kernel. Based on thick diameter of kernel, they could be divided into four types, i.e. thick kernel, thicker kernel, middle kernel, thin kernel. Nutlet longitudinal diameter, nutlet transverse diameter, single nutlet mass,kernel thickness diameter and nutlet shell thickness had significant correlations with kernel rate,but nutlet thickness diameter,kernel longitudinal diameter,kernel transverse diameter,single kernel mass had no significant correlation with kernel rate. All indexes of 10-25 superior plant were very excellent, so it could be bred as the focus of new varieties. All indexes of 34-4 superior plant were more excellent, so it could be used as parents with good comprehensive properties. The kernel characteristics of 9-28, 6-5 and 16-28 superior plants were excellent, and they could be used as ideal parents with fine kernel characteristics.