癌症术后患者在数年甚至数十年后可见局部复发及远处转移的现象,近来被人们定义为肿瘤的休眠.尽管有很多文献已报道相关内容,但肿瘤休眠及微小残留病的生物学和发病机制仍然不清.目前,肿瘤休眠的机制大致包括3种:血管生成性休眠、免疫性休眠及肿瘤细胞的休眠.本文主要讨论调控肿瘤休眠的潜在机制,重点探讨播散肿瘤细胞(DTC)及其与周围微环境的相互作用.此外,对残留肿瘤细胞的再激活机制进行了阐述,如头颈部肿瘤模型中淋巴结内的肿瘤细胞的再激活.%Disease metastasis and relapse in many cancer patients several years (even decades) after surgical remission have been recently acknowledged as cases of cancer dormancy.Although cases of minimal residual disease are well documented,knowledge on its biological mechanisms and clinical implications remains limited.To date,numerous reviews have summarized the three potential models that may explain this phenomenon,including the angiogenic,immunologic,and cellular dormancy.In this study,we discuss newly uncovered mechanisms goveming tumor cell dormancy in head and neck cancer,emphasizing on the crosstalk between dormant tumor cells and their microenvironments.Additionally,we explore the mechanisms on the reactivation of dormant residual tumor cells in anatomical sites,including the lymph nodes and bone marrow.
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