The advanced welding technology of rail is one of the key technologies to develop seamless railway. The application of electron beam welding to rail welding will have incomparable advantages and special effects, which the other welding methods of rail cannot have. Microstructures and mechanical properties of U71Mn rail joint by electron beam welding were tested and analyzed. The results show that the weld zone is composed of ferrite and pearlite,which has a uniform distribution and fine grain size,and its grain size is finer than that of base metal. Rail joints with electron beam welding have proper distribution of hardness, tensile strength no lower than base metal, and good toughness which is not easily obtained by other welding methods.%钢轨的先进焊接技术是发展无缝铁路的关键技术之一,电子束焊应用于钢轨的焊接,将具有其它钢轨焊接方法难以比拟的优势和特殊功能.文中对U71Mn钢轨的电子束焊接头组织与性能进行了测试和分析,结果表明,焊缝区组织由珠光体和铁索体组成,且组织都分布均匀、晶粒较细小,其中焊缝区比母材区的晶粒更为细小；钢轨电子束焊接头具有分布合理的硬度,不低于母材的抗拉强度,以及其它钢轨焊接方法难以获得的接头韧性.
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