基于2007年博斯腾湖北4县农业面源污染实测资料及博斯腾湖水质历史资料,计算了农田排渠污染物入博斯腾湖总量,并分析了博斯腾湖流域农业面源污染的来源、季节变化特点及其影响因素.结果表明,博斯腾湖流域农业面源污染产生的TN、TP和COD的总量分别为5.86万t、1.55万t、10.06万t,其中95％以上的污染物来自畜禽养殖活动和化肥的施用；流域内产生的各种污染物主要通过33条排渠进入博斯腾湖,TN、TP、COD和盐量分别占入湖总负荷量的21％、21％、24％和48％,且排放时间主要集中每年4-9月；农业面源污染加重了博斯腾湖的成化与富营养化趋势.根据博斯腾湖流域农业面源污染的特点,提出了推广节水灌溉、适度开发焉耆盆地地下水资源、推广平衡施肥技术等对策和建议.%The total amount of the pollutants from agricultural drainage into Bbsten Lake was calculated, and the source, seasonal variation characteristics, and factors of agricultural pollution in the Bosten Lake Basin were analyzed based on observed data of agricultural non-point source pollution in four counties located to the north of Bosten Lake and data of water quality in Bosten Lake in 2007. The results show that the annual total amounts of TN, TP, and COD were 58600 t, 15500 t, and 100600 t, respectively, and over 95% of the pollutants were attributed to stock raising and fertilizer use. The pollutants into Bosten Lake were mainly from 33 agricultural drainage channels, and TN, TP, COD, and salt accounted for 21% , 21% , 24% , and 48% , respectively, of the total annual amount of pollutants flowing into the lake. The discharge of agricultural pollutants mainly occurred from April to September. The agricultural non-point source pollution has aggravated salinization and eutrophication of Bosten Lake. Based on the characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Bosten Lake Basin, this paper provides some countermeasures and suggestions, including application of water-saving irrigation, reasonable exploitation of groundwater in the Yanqi Basin, and promotion of the technology of balanced fertilization.
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