舟山岛水库有机农药和抗生素残留特征及潜在风险评估

摘要

以舟山岛城北、虹桥和岑港3个水库及其周边区域为研究对象，对其表层水样、沉积物及周边土壤中有机农药和抗生素进行了监测和潜在风险评估。结果表明，3个水库表层水样中有机农药质量浓度为43.40～190.40 ng/L，平均值为105.74 ng/L，其中有机磷农药所占比例较大；在土壤及沉积物中有机农药的质量比为0.35～7.76 ng/g ，平均值为4.32 ng/g ，以有机氯农药污染为主。总体上岑港水库有机农药污染较为严重（水样质量浓度和沉积物质量比分别为ρ＝190.40 ng/L， w＝7.76 ng/g），其次为虹桥水库（ρ＝110.50 ng/L， w＝6.30 ng/g），污染较轻的是城北水库（ρ＝59.20 ng/L，w＝4.35 ng/g）。抗生素在表层水样中的质量浓度为0.00～64.50 ng/L，平均值为22.30 ng/L，污染相对较轻；在土壤及沉积物中有机农药的质量比为13.50～101.70 ng/g，平均值为62.62 ng/g，处于中等污染水平，其中浓度相对较高的呋喃唑酮应当引起注意。建议构建植物缓冲带拦截和减少周边土壤径流中携带的有机农药和抗生素污染。%Surface water , sediment , and surrounding soil samples from three reservoirs , the Chengbei Reservoir (CBR), the Hongqiao Reservoir ( HQR), and the Cengang Reservoir ( CGR) in the Zhoushan Islands , were collected and analyzed for monitoring and potential risk assessment of the organic pesticides and antibiotics in these samples .The results show that the concentrations of organic pesticides in surface water from the three reservoirs ranged from 43.40 to 190.40 ng/L, with an average value of 105.74 ng/L, and the organic phosphorus pesticides accounted for a larger proportion of organic pesticides , compared with the organic chlorine pesticides ( OCPs) .The concentrations of organic pesticides in the sediments and surrounding soils ranged from 0.35 to 7.76 ng/g, with an average value of 4.32 ng/g, and the OCPs were the dominant pollutant .Overall, of the three reservoirs , the CGR was the most polluted one , with organic pesticide concentrations in the surface water of ρ=190.40 ng/L and in sediments of w=7.76 ng/g, followed by the HQR, with ρ=110.50 ng/L and w=6.30 ng/g, and the CBR had a relatively low pollution level with ρ=59.20 ng/L and w=4.35 ng/g.The concentrations of antibiotics in the surface water from the three reservoirs ranged from 0.00 to 64.50 ng/L, with an average value of 22.30 ng/L, being at a slightly-polluted status , and those in the sediments and surrounding soils ranged from 13.50 to 101.70 ng/g, with an average value of 62.62 ng/g, being at the middle level of pollution .Of the studied antibiotics , the potential risk of furazolidone should receive more attention due to its relatively high concentration .It is suggested that green buffer zones be constructed around the reservoirs for interception and reduction of the organic pesticides and antibiotics in the runoff of surrounding soils .