人工湿地脱氮研究进展

摘要

人工湿地作为一种低成本、低能耗、高效益的绿色技术,被广泛应用于废水和雨水处理.而在人工湿地众多应用领域中,脱氮对于水环境保护以及废水的回收利用具有非常重要的意义.该文系统地介绍了人工湿地的脱氮机理,氨化、硝化-反硝化和厌氧氨氧化;分析了人工湿地脱氮的主要外在和内在影响因素如温度、水力停留时间、湿地植物和微生物等;探讨了在人工湿地的运行和管理中存在的问题和解决方案,为人工湿地的设计与运行管理提供有益的借鉴和参考.%Constructed wetlands have been widely used as a low-cost, low-energy consumption and high-efficiency "green" technology in the treatment of wastewater and rainwater.Among various applications of constructed wetlands, the removal of nitrogenous pollutants, has great significance in water environment protection and wastewater reclamation and reuse.In the paper, the mechanisms of nitrogen removal, ammoniation, nitrification/denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation were introduced.The major internal and external factors relative to nitrogen removal such as temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), wetland plant and microbe were analyzed.The existing problems and solutions in operation and management of the wetlands were systematically discussed, which gave help and reference to design and operation management in constructed wetlands..