新疆錾高水电站鱼道水力特性研究

摘要

The Zangao Hydropower Station is located in the plateau area of Xinjiang.The fishway of Zangao Hydropower Station is built for cold water fish.The aspect ratio of the fishpond is 3:2 and the guide baffle is set in left 180°-rectangular curve.The type of fishway is different with a lot of other domestic fishways.The Flow-3d is used to simulate the fishway and the hydraulic characteristics of water flow in single fishway pool and rectangular curves are analyzed.The results show that,(a) the maximum flow rate of vertical joints in fishway pool is up to 1.8 m/s,the turbulence is not violent;(b) in the right rectangular curve,the water flows around the out wall of right curve and the reflow area is large;(c) in the left rectangular curve where the guide baffle being set,the mainstream is in the middle of the curve and the number of return area is increased,the mainstream area is more concentrated and continuous,which is conducive to fish to find migratory routes.The asymmetry of left and right comers and the diversification of the layout of baffles in corners can provide new ideas for the construction of fishways in China.%錾高水电站位于新疆高原地区,拟建鱼道的过鱼对象为冷水性鱼类,鱼道池室长宽比为3:2,左侧180°矩形弯道内设置了导流隔板,与国内大部分已建鱼道形式不同.采用Flow-3 d对錾高水电站鱼道进行了数值模拟,着重分析了鱼道单个池室及矩形弯道内水流的水力特性.研究结果表明,錾高水电站鱼道的单个池室内竖缝处最大流速可达1.8 m/s,紊动并不剧烈;未设置隔板的右侧矩形弯道内主流贴弯道外壁绕流,回流区域大;而设置了隔板的左侧矩形弯道内主流处于弯道中部,回流区个数增多,主流区更为集中和连续,有利于鱼类寻找洄游路线.同时,左右侧弯道的不对称布置以及弯道内隔板布置位置的多样化都可以为我国鱼道建设提供新思路.