工业4.0对德国二元制职业教育体系的冲击及其应对

摘要

Germany is one of the most competitive manufacturing countries in the world. The dual system of theory learning and practical training in Germany with a close cooperation of enterprise and vocational school in education has produced a good combination of theory and practices, and good effects. In 2013, Germany put forwards the Industry 4.0 facing the future upgrades of the manufacture industries and required the different human capital, which influenced the system of vocational education deeply. On the basis of analyzing the structure and characteristics of German Dual system, the paper is offering an information on reform trend of the German educational system, which may contribute to China’s vocational education reform.%德国是全球制造业中最具竞争力的国家之一，这在很大程度上得益于德国二元制职业教育，即企业机构与职业学校共同合作培育人才。2013年，德国提出了面向未来制造业升级的工业4.0战略，人力的需求也和以往截然不同，这对德国的职业教育体系产生了重大影响。通过探讨德国二元制职业教育体系结构和特征，以及新工业化时代德国职业教育体系的改革方向，可以为我国职业教育改革提供有益的参考。