本文基于居民的饮食由温饱型逐步转向营养型过渡的特征，根据居民的饮食习惯、饮食偏好等特点，针对不同地区群体和不同个体，提出了合理营养膳食决策的经济水平-饮食偏好的线性规划模型，从而为群体和个体提供一种分层分级、具有选择性的合理膳食方案。经济水平-饮食偏好的线性规划模型遵循在保证满足基本的各营养元素的需求的情况下，食品的安全与卫生方面不存在问题时，考虑实际膳食决策中每一类选取食品数目的限制，进行分层分级的均衡配餐，以及对选取食物总数限制，尽量减少经济支出，同时最大化满足群体或个体偏好的原则，利用权重值兼顾经济与偏好。最后根据个人饮食习惯，通过调整最优值，为各个年龄阶段的不同性别的人群提供满意的一日三餐的合理膳食决策。%Because of the characteristic that the diet style of the residents gradually shifts from subsistence to nutrition, this paper presents a linear programming model considering the economy and preference for the decision of reasonable diet for different people in different regions based on their eating habits and dietary preferences. This model can provide the reasonable selective diet schemes of hierarchical classification. The linear programming model considering the economy and preference make sure that the diet schemes meet the needs of basic nutritional elements, and the risks of food in safety and health aspects don't exist. The model also considers the constrains that the number of selected food in each style of food must be in the number range of permitting selected food and the total number of selected food can't exceed the maximum number of the total number of permitting selected food. Those constrains can make decision of equilibrium diet of hierarchical classification and facilitating in the application. The objective of the model minimizes the economy cost and maximizes the level of preference for diet. Based on the optimal solution of model, we can adjust the scheme of diet following the personal eating habits in order to provide the decision of reasonable diet for three meals a day.
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