基于改进蚁群算法的数控机床主轴优化设计

摘要

Through the analysis of the spindle system of machine tool spindle, an optimization mathematical model is established. It introduces an improved ant colony algorithm by which the optimization process is divided into coarse search and fine search two steps based on the basic ant colony algorithm. The coarse search is to obtain feasible solutions of genetic algorithm with mutation crossover operation, and the fine search is to complete the entire optimization process. By using the improved ant colony algorithm, basic ant colony algorithm parameters and conventional optimization design on the machine tool spindle are optimized. Comparative analysis of the optimization results shows that the volume decreased by 5.6% and rigidity increased by 8.2% after using the improved ant colony algorithm optimization, and the time taken by the improved ant colony optimization algorithm is decreased by 36% compared with the basic ant colony algorithm optimization and decreased by 57% compared with the conventional optimization design. It provides a practical optimization algorithm for optimization of machine tool spindle system.%通过机床主轴结构的分析，建立数学模型优化主轴。改进的蚁群算法，将寻优过程分为粗搜索和精搜索两个步骤，将粗搜索获得的可行解进行变异交叉操作，最后通过精搜索完成整个寻优过程。分别采用改进蚁群算法、基本蚁群算法和常规优化设计对主轴进行优化，对比分析优化结果可知，采用改进蚁群算法优化后体积减少了5.6%，刚度提高了8.2%，并且改进蚁群算法比基本蚁群算法优化耗时减少了36%，比常规优化设计减少了57%，这为机床主轴系统的优化提供了一种切实可行的优化算法。